(191.) Although the moments of the three principal axes be in general
unequal, yet bodies may be found having certain axes for which these
moments may be equal. In some cases the moment of the intermediate axis
is equal to that of the principal axis of greatest moment: in others it
is equal to that of the principal axis of least moment, and in others
the moments of all the three principal axes are equal to each other.
If the moments of any two of three principal axes be equal, the moments
of all axes through the same point and in their plane will also be
equal; and if the moments of the three principal axes through a point
be equal, the moments of all axes whatever, through the same point,
will be equal.
(192.) If the moments of the principal axes through the centre of
gravity be known, the moments for all other axes through that point may
be easily computed. To effect this it is only necessary to multiply
the moments of the principal axes by the squares of the co-sines of
the angles formed by them respectively with the axis whose moment is
sought. The products being added together will give the required moment.
(193.) By combining this result with that of (189.), it will be evident
that the moment of all axes whatever may be determined, if those of the
principal axes through the centre of gravity be known.
(194.) It is obvious that the principal axis of least moment through
the centre of gravity has a less moment of inertia than any other axis
whatever. For it has, by its definition (190.) a less moment of inertia
than any other axis through the centre of gravity, and every other
axis through the centre of gravity has a less moment of inertia than a
parallel axis through any other point (187.) and (189.)
(195.) If two of the principal axes through the centre of gravity have
equal moments of inertia, all axes in any plane parallel to the plane
of these axes, and passing through the point where a perpendicular from
the centre of gravity meets that plane, must have equal moments of
inertia. For by (191.) all axes in the plane of those two have equal
moments, and by (189.) the axes in the parallel plane have moments
which exceed these by the same quantity, being equally distant from
them. (187.)
Hence it is obvious that if the three principal axes through the centre
of gravity have equal moments, all axes situated in any given plane,
and passing through the point where the perpendicular from the centre
of gravity meets that plane, will have equal moments, being equally
distant from parallel axes through the centre of gravity.
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