This _Agaric_ may be distinguished from others by its chestnut or bistre colour; it is probably not uncommon; growing all the summer and autumn in woods, and under trees in meadows. Mr. Berkeley reports it esculent; I have no experience of it. AGARICUS PIPERATUS, _Scop._ Subgenus 7. GALORRHEUS. “Ed è veramente commestibile e saporoso quando se ne levi il latte.”—_Bendiscioli._ _Bot. Char._ “_Pileus_ infundibuliform, rigid, smooth, white; gills very narrow, close; milk, and the solid blunt stem, white. In woods, July and August. _Pileus_ 3-7 inches broad, slightly rugulose, quite smooth, white, a little clouded with umber, or stained with yellow where scratched or bruised, convex, more or less depressed, often quite infundibuliform, more or less waved, fleshy, thick, firm but brittle; margin involute at first, sometimes excentric, milk-white, hot. _Gills_ generally very narrow (1/20 of an inch broad), but sometimes much broader, cream-colour, repeatedly dichotomous, very close, ‘like the teeth of an ivory comb,’ decurrent from the shape of the pileus, when bruised changing to umber. _Stem_ 1-3 inches high, 1½-2 inches thick, often compressed, minutely pruinose, solid, but spongy within, the substance breaking up into transverse cavities.”[194] Though very acrid when raw, it loses its bad qualities entirely by cooking, and is extensively used on the Continent, prepared in various ways. It is preserved for winter use by drying or pickling in a mixture of salt and vinegar (_Berkeley_). I have frequently eaten this fungus at Lucca, where it is very abundant, but as it resembles the _Ag. vellereus_ in appearance, with the properties of which we are unacquainted, too much caution cannot be exercised in learning to discriminate it from this and neighbouring species. AGARICUS VIRGINEUS, _Wullf._ Subgenus 8. CLITOCYBE. Subdivision CAMAROPHYLLI. _White Field-Agaric._ _Bot. Char._ _Pileus_ from one to two inches broad, margin involute when young, then expanded, depressed in the centre. _Gills_ deep, connected with veins, sometimes forked, broadly adnate, but breaking away from the stem as the pileus becomes depressed. _Stem_ six lines broad at the top, tapering downwards, not more than two at the base; at first stuffed with fibres, then hollow, excentric; the whole plant white, with occasionally a tinge of pink. _Taste_ pleasant, odour disagreeable. These graceful little Agarics grow in pastures, and are extremely common in the autumn. They are so small that it requires a great many of them to make a dish, but as they occur frequently in the same fields with puff-balls, and may be dressed in the same manner, it is not unusual when the supply is scarce to serve them together, with the same sauce. The flavour of _Ag. virgineus_ is not unlike that of _Ag. oreades_. TUBER ÆSTIVUM, _Vitt._ PLATE VIII. FIG. 2.