[Footnote 130: It is said that exile was first introduced as a punishment by the Legislature in the 39th year of Queen Elizabeth, when a statute (39 _Eliz._ _c._ 4.) enacted that such rogues as were dangerous to the inferior people should be banished the realm, _Barr. Ant. Stat._ 269: and that the first statute in which the word Transportation is used is the 18th of _Charles_ II. _c._ 3. which gives power to Judges at their discretion either to execute or transport to America _for life_ the Moss-Troopers of _Cumberland_ and _Northumberland_; a law which was made perpetual by the Act 31 _Geo._ II. _c._ 42. 2 WOODD. 498.] Since that period the mode of punishment has undergone several other alterations; and many Crimes which were formerly considered of an inferior rank, have been rendered capital: which will be best elucidated by the following Catalogue of Offences, divided into six classes according to the Laws now in force. * * * * * 1. CRIMES _punishable by the_ Deprivation of Life; _and where, upon the Conviction of the Offenders the sentence of Death must be pronounced by the Judge.--Of these, it has been stated, the whole, on the authority of Sir William Blackstone, including all the various shades of the same offence, is about 160 in number._ _The principal are the following:_ Treason, and Petty Treason; _See page_ 38, &c. Under the former of these is included the Offence of Counterfeiting the Gold and Silver Coin, _See page_ 191-211. Murder, _See page_ 44, &c. Arson, or wilfully and maliciously burning a House, Barns with Corn, &c. _See page_ 56. Rape, or the forcible violation of chastity, &c. _See page_ 46. Stealing an Heiress, _See page_ 48. Sodomy, a crime against nature, committed either with man or beast, _See page_ 46. Piracy, or robbing ships and vessels at sea: under which is included, the Offences of sailors forcibly hindering their captains from fighting, _See page_ 55, 56. Forgery of Deeds, Bonds, Bills, Notes, Public Securities, &c. &c. Clerks of the Bank embezzling Notes, altering Dividend Warrants: Paper Makers, unauthorised, using moulds for Notes, &c. Destroying Ships, or setting them on Fire, _See page_ 57. Bankrupts not surrendering, or concealing their Effects Burglary, or House Breaking in the night time, _See page_ 57. Highway Robbery House Breaking in the day time, _See page_ 54, 55. Privately Stealing or Picking Pockets above one Shilling Shop Lifting above Five Shillings, _See page_ 55. Stealing Bonds, Bills, or Bank Notes Stealing Bank Notes, or Bills from Letters Stealing above 40_s._ in any House, _See page_ 55. Stealing above 40_s._ on a River Stealing Linen, &c. from Bleaching Grounds, &c. or destroying Linen therein