[132] Literally, ‘taking out the blocks to air’. The effigies are made of hard and heavy wood, and I remember once in Concepcion de Paraguay assisting on a sweltering day to carry a Madonna weighing about five hundredweight. [133] The proverb says in Paraguay, ‘No se fia de mula ni mulata’. [134] ‘Pagar y apelar’. [135] Misque is at least fifteen hundred miles from Tucuman. [136] ‘Que lo hagan salir de nuestros Reynos y Señorios como ageno y estraño, por importar assi para la quietud de aquellas Provincias, y al servicio de su Majestad.’ [137] A _yerbal_ is a forest chiefly composed of the _Ilex Paraguayensis_, from the leaves of which the _yerba maté_, or ‘Paraguayan tea’, is made. [138] Xarque, book ii., cap. xl., p. 30. [139] This Villalon has left some curious memoirs in the case which he submitted to the Council of the Indies which sat in Seville. [140] Charlevoix, book xii., p. 115. [141] Chipa is a kind of bread made of mandioca flour. [142] Rapadura is a kind of coarse sugar, generally sold in little pyramid-shaped lumps, done up in a banana leaf. It is strongly flavoured with lye. [143] Mani is ground-nut. [“Peanut” in American English.—A. L., 1998.] [144] The paraiso is one of the Paulinias. [145] ‘Obedesco, pero no cumplo.’ [146] ‘Cosas de palacio van despacio.’ [147] Dean Funes, in his ‘Ensayo de la Historia Civil del Paraguay, Buenos Ayres y Tucuman’ (book ii., cap. i., p. 10), says he was ‘Dotado de un temperamento muy facil de inflamarse, de una imaginacion viva, de una memoria feliz, y de un ingenio no vulgar.’ [148] At the date of the expulsion the number of the cattle was 719,761; oxen, 44,183; horses, 27,204; sheep, 138,827 (‘Inventarios de los bienes hallados á la expulsion de los Jesuitas’, Francisco Javier Brabo, Madrid, 1872). [149] _Cocos yatais_. [150] Urunday (_Astrenium fraxinifolium: Terebinthaceæ_), curapay (_Piptadenia communis: Leguminaceæ_), lapacho (_Tecoma curialis_ and _varia: Begoniaceæ_), taruma (_Vitex Taruma: Verbenaceæ_), tatane (_Acacia maleolens: Leguminaceæ_), and cupai (_Copaifera Langsdorfii_). These and many other woods, such as the Palo Santo (_Guaiacum officinalis_), butacæ, and the _Cedrela Braziliensis_, known to the Jesuits as ‘cedar’, and much used by them in their churches, comprise the chief varieties. [151] ‘Libro compuesto por el Hermano Pedro de Montenegro de la C. de J., Ano 1711’, MS. folio, with pen-and-ink sketches, formerly belonged to the Dukes of Osuna, and was in their library. Padre Sigismundi also wrote a herbal in Guaraní, and a Portuguese Jesuit, Vasconellos, has left a curious book upon the flora of Brazil. [152] Domingo Parodi, in his ‘Notas sobre algunas plantas usuales del Paraguay’ (Buenos Ayres, 1886), has done much good work. [153] _Acacia Cavenia_.