London (England) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century
The impression
left on us was very favourable. The food is of the plainest, but most
satisfactory character. The allowance for breakfast is 12 oz. of bread,
1 pint of tea or cocoa. Dinner, 1 pint of soup, 5½ oz. of meat, 1 lb. of
potatoes, 6 oz., of bread or pudding. Supper, 9 oz. of bread, 1 pint of
gruel or tea. The chapel is a handsome building, capable of containing
fifteen hundred people, and the sleeping apartments were light and airy,
and well ventilated. Each cell opens into a corridor, there being a
series of three or four storeys; each sleeping apartment can contain from
a hundred to five hundred men; in each cell there is a hammock, and all
that is requisite for personal cleanliness, besides a book or two which
the convict is allowed to have from the library. Of course the manner of
life is somewhat monotonous. Before coming to Portland, the prisoners
have passed their allotted time, (generally about nine months), in what
is termed separate confinement, at Pentonville, Millbank, Preston,
Bedford, Wakefield, or some other prison adapted for the first stage of
penal discipline. Upon their reception they are made to undergo medical
inspection, a change of clothes, and are required to bathe; they are then
informed of the rules and regulations of the prison, and moved to school
for examination in educational attainments, with a view to their correct
classification. Afterwards they receive an appropriate address from the
chaplain, and are allowed to write their first letter from Portland to
their relations. They are then put to work, and are made to feel that
their future career depends in some measure on themselves. Thus there
are four classes, and the convict in the best class may earn as much as
two shillings-a-week, which is put to his credit, and paid him when he
becomes free, partly by a post-office order, payable to him when he
reaches his destination, and partly afterwards. The dress consists of
fustian, over which a blue smock frock with white stripes is thrown.
Convicts who are dangerous, and have maltreated their keepers, instead of
a frock have a coat of a somewhat loud and striking character. Then,
again, a yellow dress denotes that the convict has attempted to escape;
and further, a blue cloth dress denotes that the wearer, engaged as a
pointsman, has but little more time to stay, and has a little more
freedom intrusted to him. In the working days in summer the prison-bell
rouses all hands at a quarter-past five, allowing an hour for washing,
dressing, and breakfast. Then comes morning service in the chapel. They
are then marched off to labour, where they remain till eleven, when they
return to dinner. At half-past twelve they are again paraded, and
dismissed to labour till six. Suppers are distributed to each cell at
half-past six, and at seven evening service is held in the chapel. The
prisoners then return to their cells. In winter-time they are recalled
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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