both Houses of Congress and was signed by the President. The Kansans, however, by an enormous majority,[74] rejected the bribes of land and statehood in connection with slavery. For his action concerning the Lecompton Constitution and the "English bill" Douglas afterward took much credit to himself. Such was the stage of advancement of the slavery conflict in the country, and such the position of Douglas in national and in state politics, when there took place that great campaign in Illinois which made him again senator in 1858, and made Lincoln President in 1860. FOOTNOTES: [61] For a striking comparison of the condition of the South with that of the North in 1850, see von Holst's _Const. Hist. of U.S._ v. 567-586. [62] December, 1845. [63] For a description of Douglas's state of mind, see N. and H. i. 345-351, quoting original authorities. [64] N. and H. i. 388. [65] Thus when John Adams first landed in Europe, and was asked whether he was "the great Mr. Adams," he said: No, the great Mr. Adams was his cousin, Samuel Adams of Boston. [66] For a fair and discriminating estimate of Buchanan, see Blaine, _Twenty Years in Congress_, vol. i. ch. x., especially pp. 239-241. [67] Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, all for Fremont; Maryland for Fillmore. [68] Tennessee and Kentucky. [69] Dred Scott, plff. in error, _vs._ Sandford, Sup. Ct. of U.S. Dec. Term, 1856, 19 Howard, 393. After the conclusion of this case Scott was given his freedom by his master. [70] _Ante_, pp. 94, 95. [71] August 24, 1855; Holland, 145. [72] For a good sketch of Douglas, see Elaine, _Twenty Years of Congress_, i. 144. [73] This doctrine was set forth by Douglas in a speech at Springfield, Ill., June 12, 1857. A fortnight later, June 26, at the same place, Lincoln answered this speech. N. and H. ii. 85-89. [74] By 11,300 against 1,788, August 2, 1858. Kansas was admitted as a State at the close of January, 1861, after many of the Southern States had already seceded. CHAPTER V THE LINCOLN-DOUGLAS JOINT DEBATE