addressed by Greeley with "Prayer of 20,000,000"; his reply to Greeley; his reply to Abolitionist clergymen; points out folly of a mere proclamation; thinks silently for himself under floods of advice; writes draft of Emancipation Proclamation; questions expediency of issuing; reads proclamation to cabinet; adopts Seward's suggestion to postpone until a victory; issues preliminary proclamation after Antietam; takes entire responsibility; not influenced by meeting of governors; fails to appease extremists; supported by party; thinks an earlier proclamation would not have been sustained; warned that he will cause loss of fall elections; always willing to trust people on a moral question; supported by Border States in election; renews proposals for compensated emancipation; favors it as a peaceful measure; his argument; fails to persuade Missouri to accept plan; issues definite proclamation; his remark on signing; tries to stimulate enlistment of blacks; threatens retaliation for Southern excesses; shows signs of care and fatigue; never asks for sympathy; slow to displace McClellan until sure of a better man; doubtful as to Burnside's plan of attack; refuses to accept Burnside's resignation after Fredericksburg; declines to ratify Burnside's dismissals; his letter to Hooker; suggestions to Hooker after Chancellorsville; opposes plan to dash at Richmond; directs Hooker to obey Halleck; appoints Meade to succeed Hooker; urges Meade to attack Lee after Gettysburg; angry at Meade's failure; his letter to Meade; annoyed by Democratic proposals for peace; refuses to receive Stephens.; annoyed by inaction of Rosecrans; urged to remove Grant; refuses to disturb him; his letter to Grant after Vicksburg; wishes Rosecrans to unite with Burnside; tries to encourage Rosecrans after Chickamauga; sends aid to Rosecrans; replaces him by Thomas and puts Grant in command in West; wishes Meade to attack in Virginia; refuses to interfere in finances; his attitude in Alabama affair; refuses foreign arbitration; asked by radicals to dismiss Seward; secures resignations of Chase and Seward, and then urges them to resume duties; his wisdom in avoiding a rupture; asks opinion of cabinet on admission of West Virginia; his reasons for signing bill; not alarmed by Copperhead societies; his relation to Vallandigham case; supports Burnside; sends Vallandigham within Confederate lines; replies to addresses condemning martial law; obliged to begin draft; insists upon its execution; his letter to Illinois Union Convention; shows necessity of war; impossibility of compromise; justifies emancipation; points to successes; really controls government autocratically; able to, because supported by people; gains military experience; has measure of generals; henceforward supervises rather than specifically orders;