[Sidenote: H 8] =Birth and death rates for France= since 1781. (Note that the rate of increase of population in 1781 was no higher with a birth rate of 39 per 1,000 than in 1901-6 with a birth rate of only 21 per 1,000. A fall of 17.8 per 1,000 in the birth rate has resulted in a fall of 17.5 per 1,000 in the death rate.) [Sidenote: H 9] +Birth and death rates and infantile mortality for England and Wales+. Also +marriage rate, fertility of married women, illegitimacy+ and +variation of diseases+. (Note that the illegitimate birth rate has fallen to half since the fall of the birth rate set in.) [Sidenote: H 10] +Birth and death rates and infantile mortality+ in the +Netherlands+ (Notice the rapid increase of population as the death rate falls, and the great fall of infantile mortality, probably due to the practical work of the Dutch Neo-Malthusian League among the poor.) [Sidenote: H 11-13] +_Protestant Countries._+ (Notice the correspondence between the birth and death rates and infantile mortality in all.) [Sidenote: H 14-16] +_Roman Catholic Countries._+ (Note that the fall of the birth rate has taken place almost equally with that in the Protestant Countries, and with the same result.) [Sidenote: H 17-20] The only +four countries in which the birth rate is approximately _stationary_+. (Notice that the death rate has not fallen--except, perhaps in Russia--and that the infantile mortality has not fallen. Also that the highest birth rate produces the highest death rate and infantile mortality, and the lowest birth rate the lowest mortality.) [Sidenote: H 21-24] The only +four countries with _rising_ birth rates.+ _The death rate and the infantile mortality have increased in every one._ [Sidenote: H 25] +_Australia._+ The death rate has fallen with the birth rate, and is now only about 10 per 1,000. [Sidenote: H 26] +_New Zealand._+ The only country in which the fall in the birth rate has not produced a fall in the death rate, and which is not therefore over-populated. The infantile mortality is the lowest in the world, and the death rate less than 10 per 1,000, which gives us an ideal which we can reach in all countries by lowering the birth rate sufficiently. [Sidenote: H 27] +_The City of Toronto._+ The birth rate has fallen and afterwards risen. The death rate has fallen with the birth rate, and afterwards risen, showing that the improvements in sanitation have not been the cause of the falling death rate in other countries. [Sidenote: H 28] +_Berlin._+ The birth rate rose rapidly from 1841 to 1876, and afterwards fell even more rapidly. The death rate, except for epidemics and wars, rose and fell in almost precise correspondence with the birth rate. [Sidenote: H 29-30]