§23. _Cognitio_: like Germ. _lehre_, the branch of learning which concerns the virtues. Goer. is quite wrong in taking it to be a trans. of καταληψις here. _In quibus_: the antecedent is not _virtutum_, as Petrus Valentia (p. 292 ed. Orelli) supposes and gets into difficulty thereby, but _multa_. This is shown by _etiam_; not _merely_ the virtues but _also_ all επιστημη depends on καταληψεις; cf. I. 40, 41, with notes, Zeller 88, R. and P. 367. _Stabilem_: βεβαιον και αμεταπτωτου. _Artem vivendi_: "_tralaticium hoc apud omnes philosophos_" _M.D.F._ I. 42. Sextus constantly talks about ‛η ονειροπολουμενη περι τον βιον τεχνη (_Pyrrh. Hyp._ III. 250) the existence of which he disproves to his own satisfaction (_Adv. Math._ XI. 168 sq). _Ille vir bonus_: in all ancient systems, even the Epicurean, the happiness of the _sapiens_ must be proof against the rack; cf. esp. _D.F._ III. 29, 75, _T.D._ V. 73, Zeller 450, and the similar description of the σοφος in Plato's _Gorgias_. _Potius quam aut_: Lamb. _ut_; but I think C.F. Hermann is right in asserting after Wopkens that Cic. _never_ inserts _ut_ after _potius quam_ with the subj. Tischer on _T.D._ II. 52 affirms that _ut_ is frequently found, but gives no exx. For the meaning cf. _De Off._ I. 86, Aug. _Cont. Ac._ II. 12 who says the _sapiens_ of the Academy must be _desertor officiorum omnium_. _Comprehensi ... constituti_: cf. the famous _abiit, evasit, excessit, crupit_. _Iis rebus_: note the assumption that the _sensation_ corresponds to the _thing_ which causes it. _Adsensus sit ... possint_: nearly all edd. before Halm read _possunt_, but the subj. expresses the possibility as present to the mind of the supposed _vir bonus_. Cf. Madv. _Gram._ 368. §24. _Primum_: out of place, see on 21. _Agere_: the dogmatist always held that the sceptic must, if consistent, be ανενεργητος εν βιωι (Sext. _Pyrrh. Hyp._ I. 23). _Extremum_: similar attempts to translate τελος are made in D.F. I. 11, 29, V. 17. _Cum quid agere_: cf. I. 23 for the phrase _Naturae accommodatum_. a purely Stoic expression, ‛ωμοιωμενον τη φυσει; cf. 38 and _D.F._ V. 17, also III. 16, Zeller 227, footnote, R. and P. 390. _Impellimur_: κινουμεθα, Sext. _Adv. Math._ VII. 391, as often. §25. _Oportet videri_: "ought to be seen." For this use cf. 39, 81 and 122 of this book. _Videri_ at the end of this section has the weak sense, "to seem." Lucretius often passes rapidly from the one use to the other; cf. I. 262 with I. 270, and Munro's n., also _M.D.F._ II. 52, _Em. Liv._ p. 42. _Non poterit_: as the Academics allege. _Naturae ... alienum_: Cic. uses this adjective with the dat, and also with the ablative preceded by _ab_; I doubt whether the phrase _maiestate alienum_ (without the preposition) can be right in _De Div._ II. 102, where the best texts still keep it. _Non occurrit ... aget_: occurrit is probably the perfect. Cf. n. on 127.