Accepting the universe : $b Essays in naturalismBurroughs, John
Philosophy
Accepting the universe : $b Essays in naturalism
Burroughs, John
Natural history; Natural history -- Philosophy; Philosophy; Science
The grand movements of Nature, both in the heavens and in the earth,
are on such a scale of time and distance that without the aid of
science we could get little or no hint of them. Immeasurably slow
and slight they are, according to our standards. The stars are
fixed points in the sky to our unaided vision. Throughout the whole
historic period they have shown little or no change in their relative
positions, though they are moving in varying directions at the rate
of many miles a second. Come back in a thousand years and there is
no change; in thirty or forty thousand years, and changes of place
might be barely perceptible to an unaided eye. Not till hundreds
of thousands of years would Orion, or the Big Dipper, have become
noticeably distorted, and probably not till millions of years would
the heavens present combinations of stars forming new constellations.
The Pole Star will after millions of years probably drift far from
its present position, and the Milky Way be found in another part of
the heavens. When viewed from the extreme points in space one hundred
and eighty millions of miles apart which the earth’s orbit around the
sun gives us, the fixed stars remain fixed, they show little or no
parallax. To touch but the skirts of the Infinite exhausts our powers.
The geological changes upon the surface of this earth--mere
mustard-seed in space that it is--are on such a scale of time that
only an unfaltering scientific faith can take them in. The mountains
and the valleys seem eternal, but to the eye of the geologist they
are as flitting as the summer clouds. Look upon a Catskill landscape
with its long, flowing mountain-lines curving over summits three or
four thousand feet high, and its deep, broad, cradle-like valleys
checkered with fertile farms and homesteads, and try to think of it
as all the work of the slow and gentle rains and snows--geologic
time stroking them almost as gently as a mother caresses her baby.
Tried by human standards we live in a stable universe; change stops
with the hills and the stars; but, tried by geologic and astronomic
standards, it is as unsubstantial as the snows of winter or the dews
of summer. Perpetual flux and transition mark even the stars in their
courses. Astronomers calculate the weight of the earth in terms of
its own tons, something like six sextillion tons, but in and of
itself it weighs nothing; its weight is the pull of some other body,
in itself pound balances pound; it is only by detachment from it
that bodies have weight. As we approach the center, a pound would
be less and less; halfway down it would weigh eight ounces only; at
the center weight would disappear, the pull of matter on all sides
would be equal, there would no longer be up or down. Gravitation is
not a demon at the center of the earth, pulling all things toward
him; it is a force in every atom, pulling and being pulled in every
direction. Seek the center of the pulling, and all power vanishes.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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