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Acetylene, the Principles of Its Generation and Use: A Practical Handbook on the Production, Purification, and Subsequent Treatment of Acetylene for the Development of Light, Heat, and PowerLeeds, F. H. (Frank Henley)

Science

Acetylene, the Principles of Its Generation and Use: A Practical Handbook on the Production, Purification, and Subsequent Treatment of Acetylene for the Development of Light, Heat, and Power

Name: Acetylene, the Principles of Its Generation and Use: A Practical Handbook on the Production, Purification, and Subsequent Treatment of Acetylene for the Development of Light, Heat, and Power
Author: Leeds, F. H. (Frank Henley)

Leeds, F. H. (Frank Henley)

Acetylene

_______________________________________________________________
|                                |         |           |        |
|           Reaction.            | Diamond | Amorphous |        |
|                                | Carbon. |  Carbon.  |        |
|________________________________|_________|___________|________|
|                                |         |           |        |
| (1) C (solid) + O    .   .   . |  26.1   |   29.1    |   ...  |
| (2) C (solid) + O_2  .   .   . |  94.3   |   97.3    |   ...  |
| (3) CO + O (2 - 1)   .   .   . |   ...   |    ...    |  68.2  |
| (4) Conversion of solid carbon |         |           |        |
|     into gas (3 - 1) .   .   . |  42.1   |   39.1    |   ...  |
| (5) C (gas) + O (1 + 4)  .   . |   ...   |    ...    |  68.2  |
| (6) Conversion of amorphous    |         |           |        |
|     carbon to diamond    .   . |   ...   |    ...    |   3.0  |
| (7) C_2 + H_2    .   .   .   . | -58.1   |  -52.1    |   ...  |
| (8) C_2H_2 + 2-1/2O_2    .   . |   ...   |    ...    | 315.7  |
|________________________________|_________|___________|________|

W. G. Mixter has determined the heat of combustion of acetylene to be
312.9 calories at constant volume, and 313.8 at constant pressure. Using
Berthelot and Matignon's data given above for amorphous carbon, this
represents the heat of formation to be -50.2 (Mixter himself calculates
it as -51.4) calories. By causing compressed acetylene to dissociate
under the influence of an electric spark, Mixter measured its heat of
formation as -53.3 calories. His corresponding heats of combustion of
ethylene are 344.6 calories (constant volume) and 345.8 (constant
pressure); for its heat of formation he deduces a value -7.8, and
experimentally found one of about -10.6 (constant pressure).

THE ACETYLENE FLAME.--It has been stated in Chapter I. that acetylene
burnt in self-luminous burners gives a whiter light than that afforded by
any other artificial illuminant, because the proportion of the various
spectrum colours in the light most nearly resembles the corresponding
proportion found in the direct rays of the sun. Calling the amount of
monochromatic light belonging to each of the five main spectrum colours
present in the sun's rays unity in succession, and comparing the amount
with that present in the light obtained from electricity, coal-gas, and
acetylene, Münsterberg has given the following table for the composition
of the several lights mentioned:

Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.

Opening the text

Science

Acetylene, the Principles of Its Generation and Use: A Practical Handbook on the Production, Purification, and Subsequent Treatment of Acetylene for the Development of Light, Heat, and Power

Leeds, F. H. (Frank Henley)

Acetylene

_______________________________________________________________
|                                |         |           |        |
|           Reaction.            | Diamond | Amorphous |        |
|                                | Carbon. |  Carbon.  |        |
|________________________________|_________|___________|________|
|                                |         |           |        |
| (1) C (solid) + O    .   .   . |  26.1   |   29.1    |   ...  |
| (2) C (solid) + O_2  .   .   . |  94.3   |   97.3    |   ...  |
| (3) CO + O (2 - 1)   .   .   . |   ...   |    ...    |  68.2  |
| (4) Conversion of solid carbon |         |           |        |
|     into gas (3 - 1) .   .   . |  42.1   |   39.1    |   ...  |
| (5) C (gas) + O (1 + 4)  .   . |   ...   |    ...    |  68.2  |
| (6) Conversion of amorphous    |         |           |        |
|     carbon to diamond    .   . |   ...   |    ...    |   3.0  |
| (7) C_2 + H_2    .   .   .   . | -58.1   |  -52.1    |   ...  |
| (8) C_2H_2 + 2-1/2O_2    .   . |   ...   |    ...    | 315.7  |
|________________________________|_________|___________|________|

W. G. Mixter has determined the heat of combustion of acetylene to be
312.9 calories at constant volume, and 313.8 at constant pressure. Using
Berthelot and Matignon's data given above for amorphous carbon, this
represents the heat of formation to be -50.2 (Mixter himself calculates
it as -51.4) calories. By causing compressed acetylene to dissociate
under the influence of an electric spark, Mixter measured its heat of
formation as -53.3 calories. His corresponding heats of combustion of
ethylene are 344.6 calories (constant volume) and 345.8 (constant
pressure); for its heat of formation he deduces a value -7.8, and
experimentally found one of about -10.6 (constant pressure).

THE ACETYLENE FLAME.--It has been stated in Chapter I. that acetylene
burnt in self-luminous burners gives a whiter light than that afforded by
any other artificial illuminant, because the proportion of the various
spectrum colours in the light most nearly resembles the corresponding
proportion found in the direct rays of the sun. Calling the amount of
monochromatic light belonging to each of the five main spectrum colours
present in the sun's rays unity in succession, and comparing the amount
with that present in the light obtained from electricity, coal-gas, and
acetylene, Münsterberg has given the following table for the composition
of the several lights mentioned:

Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.

Acetylene, the Principles of Its Generation and Use: A Practical Handbook on the Production, Purification, and Subsequent Treatment of Acetylene for the Development of Light, Heat, and Power

Acetylene, the Principles of Its Generation and Use: A Practical Handbook on the Production, Purification, and Subsequent Treatment of Acetylene for the Development of Light, Heat, and Power

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