Address delivered before the British Association assembled at BelfastTyndall, John
Religion
Address delivered before the British Association assembled at Belfast
Tyndall, John
Evolution; Religion and science; Science -- History
Further, the doctrine of evolution derives man in his totality from
the inter-action of organism and environment through countless ages
past. The Human Understanding, for example--that faculty which Mr.
Spencer has turned so skilfully round upon its own antecedents--is
itself a result of the play between organism and environment through
cosmic ranges of time. Never surely did prescription plead so
irresistible a claim. But then it comes to pass that, over and above
his understanding, there are many other things appertaining to man
whose perspective rights are quite as strong as those of the
understanding itself. It is a result, for example, of the play of
organism and environment that sugar is sweet and that aloes are
bitter, that the smell of henbane differs from the perfume of a rose.
Such facts of consciousness (for which, by the way, no adequate
reason has yet been rendered) are quite as old as the understanding;
and many other things can boast an equally ancient origin. Mr.
Spencer at one place refers to that most powerful of passions--the
amatory passion--as one which, when it first occurs, is antecedent to
all relative experience whatever; and we may pass its claim as being
at least as ancient and valid as that of the understanding. Then
there are such things woven into the texture of man as the feeling of
Awe, Reverence, Wonder--and not alone the sexual love just referred
to, but the love of the beautiful, physical, and moral, in Nature,
Poetry, and Art. There is also that deep-set feeling which, since
the earliest dawn of history, and probably for ages prior to all
history, incorporated itself in the Religions of the world. You who
have escaped from these religions into the high-and-dry light of the
intellect may deride them; but in so doing you deride accidents of
form merely, and fail to touch the immovable basis of the religious
sentiment in the nature of man. To yield this sentiment reasonable
satisfaction is the problem of problems at the present hour. And
grotesque in relation to scientific culture as many of the religions
of the world have been and are--dangerous, nay destructive, to the
dearest privileges of free-men as some of them undoubtedly have been,
and would, if they could, be again--it will be wise to recognize them
as the forms of a force, mischievous, if permitted to intrude on the
region of knowledge, over which it holds no command, but capable of
being guided to noble issues in the region of emotion, which is its
proper and elevated sphere.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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