Address delivered before the British Association assembled at BelfastTyndall, John
Religion
Address delivered before the British Association assembled at Belfast
Tyndall, John
Evolution; Religion and science; Science -- History
All religious theories, schemes and systems, which embrace notions of
cosmogony, or which otherwise reach into the domain of science, must,
_in so far as they do this_, submit to the control of science, and
relinquish all thought of controlling it. Acting otherwise proved
disastrous in the past, and it is simply fatuous to-day. Every
system which would escape the fate of an organism too rigid to adjust
itself to its environment must be plastic to the extent that the
growth of knowledge demands. When this truth has been thoroughly
taken in, rigidity will be relaxed, exclusiveness diminished, things
now deemed essential will be dropped, and elements now rejected will
be assimilated. The lifting of the life is the essential point; and
as long as dogmatism, fanaticism, and intolerance are kept out,
various modes of leverage may be employed to raise life to a higher
level. Science itself not unfrequently derives motive power from an
ultra-scientific source. Whewell speaks of enthusiasm of temper as a
hindrance to science; but he means the enthusiasm of weak heads.
There is a strong and resolute enthusiasm in which science finds an
ally; and it is to the lowering of this fire, rather than to the
diminution of intellectual insight, that the lessening productiveness
of men of science in their mature years is to be ascribed. Mr.
Buckle sought to detach intellectual achievement from moral force.
He gravely erred; for without moral force to whip it into action, the
achievements of the intellect would be poor indeed.
It has been said that science divorces itself from literature; but
the statement, like so many others, arises from lack of knowledge. A
glance at the less technical writings of its leaders--of its
Helmholtz, its Huxley, and its Du Bois-Reymond--would show what
breadth of literary culture they command. Where among modern writers
can you find their superiors in clearness and vigour of literary
style? Science desires not isolation, but freely combines with every
effort towards the bettering of man's estate. Single-handed, and
supported not by outward sympathy, but by inward force, it has built
at least one great wing of the many-mansioned home which man in his
totality demands. And if rough walls and protruding rafter-ends
indicate that on one side the edifice is still incomplete, it is only
by wise combination of the parts required with those already
irrevocably built that we can hope for completeness. There is no
necessary incongruity between what has been accomplished and what
remains to be done. The moral glow of Socrates, which we all feel by
ignition, has in it nothing incompatible with the physics of
Anaxagoras which he so much scorned, but which he would hardly scorn
to-day.
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