Aesthetical and philosophical essays : $b introducing the dissertation on the "connection between the animal and spiritual man"Schiller, Friedrich
Philosophy
Aesthetical and philosophical essays : $b introducing the dissertation on the "connection between the animal and spiritual man"
Schiller, Friedrich
Aesthetics; Philosophy
Of these four categories, the sublime and the beautiful only belong
properly to art. The agreeable is not worthy of art, and the good is at
least not its end; for the aim of art is to please, and the good,
whether we consider it in theory or in practice, neither can nor ought
to serve as a means of satisfying the wants of sensuousness. The
agreeable only satisfies the senses, and is distinguished thereby from
the good, which only pleases the reason. The agreeable only pleases by
its matter, for it is only matter that can affect the senses, and all
that is form can only please the reason. It is true that the beautiful
only pleases through the medium of the senses, by which it is
distinguished from the good; but it pleases reason, on account of its
form, by which it is essentially distinguished from the agreeable. It
might be said that the good pleases only by its form being in harmony
with reason; the beautiful by its form having some relation of
resemblance with reason, and that the agreeable absolutely does not
please by its form. The good is perceived by thought, the beautiful by
intuition, and the agreeable only by the senses. The first pleases by
the conception, the second by the idea, and the third by material
sensation.
The distance between the good and the agreeable is that which strikes
the eyes the most. The good widens our understanding, because it
procures and supposes an idea of its object; the pleasure which it makes
us perceive rests on an objective foundation, even when this pleasure
itself is but a certain state in which we are situated. The agreeable,
on the contrary, produces no notion of its object, and, indeed, reposes
on no objective foundation. It is agreeable only inasmuch as it is felt
by the subject, and the idea of it completely vanishes the moment an
obstruction is placed on the affectibility of the senses, or only when
it is modified. For a man who feels the cold the agreeable would be a
warm air; but this same man, in the heat of summer, would seek the shade
and coolness; but we must agree that in both cases he has judged well.
On the other hand, that which is objective is altogether independent of
us, and that which to-day appears to us true, useful, reasonable, ought
yet (if this judgment of to-day be admitted as just) to seem to us the
same twenty years hence. But our judgment of the agreeable changes as
soon as our state, with regard to its object, has changed. The agreeable
is therefore not a property of the object; it springs entirely from the
relations of such an object with our senses, for the constitution of our
senses is a necessary condition thereof.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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