Headmen are of various classes. Some are the chief’s blood-relations and are called his ‘younger brothers’. But just as in a village, there may be free-men not related to the headman, so in the chief’s country there may be headmen not related to the chief. They may have come over with a large following from a hostile chief, in which case they are called “settlers,” or “refugees” (alambi). Or they may be men that have gained the chief’s favour by their services, and been sent to occupy new spots in his kingdom. Again, when a large village increases, and sends forth smaller hamlets, new headmen arise; but some of these may carry all their trials to the mother village, and in this case they are still the subjects of their “elder brother”. When a person has acquired several villages (97), he becomes a higher headman, intermediate between the chief and the owner of a single village. Each headman lives in the village he likes best, and leaves his “brothers” to manage his other villages. But a headman of great ambition often places “brothers” all around him, decides their cases, and practically governs a small kingdom of his own. If he live far from his chief, one might suppose that he was quite independent. When a quarrel arises between the chief of the country and an important headman, the latter may rebel, and found a new kingdom, thus depriving the old chief perhaps of one-third of the villages in his dominion. On the other hand, a headman may keep up the chief’s authority in a district that the latter could not otherwise hold. 72. DUTIES OF HEADMEN TO THE CHIEF. In all public transactions the headman represents his village. He receives the chief’s orders and sees them carried out. When he kills an elephant he sends one of the tusks to the chief. Should he kill twenty elephants he is not expected to give up twenty tusks—two or three would be sufficient. If he shoot a large buck he gives one haunch of venison. For all such tribute he expects to receive a return present (generally of a little powder). It is customary for him to invite his chief to a beer-drinking, at least once a year, and the latter accepts the invitation. He is expected to attend the chief’s parliament, unless he is under an elder brother, in which case he is not allowed to speak, except when specially commissioned. Headmen are expected to report all cases of war, but they often attack enemies without telling their chief beforehand, saying, “Let him hear of the enterprise when it succeeds”. Yet this is dangerous unless they are sure of success, and well acquainted with the chief’s private sentiments. On reporting the attack they present the chief with part of the booty. In times of war each headman when summoned, must follow his chief’s flag, otherwise his village is burned down, and all that fail to escape are killed or enslaved. 73. COURTS OF JUSTICE.