Africana; or, the heart of heathen Africa, Volume 1 (of 2) : $b Native customs and beliefsMacdonald, Duff
Religion
Africana; or, the heart of heathen Africa, Volume 1 (of 2) : $b Native customs and beliefs
Macdonald, Duff
Africa, East -- Social life and customs; Missions -- Africa, East
If a master kill one of his slaves, no one can bring a complaint against
him. People that hear of the matter merely say, “That man is very stupid
to destroy his own property”. The companions of the deceased—his fellow
slaves—may venture to plead, “Why did you kill him, he did no adultery?”
but the master silences them, by pointing out that the deceased was
his “goods” (chipanje), or his “flesh” (nyama). But after killing a
slave, the master is afraid of _Chilope_. This means that he will become
emaciated, lose his eyesight, and ultimately die a miserable death. He
therefore goes to his chief and gives him a certain fee (in cloth or
slaves or such legal tenders), and says, “Get me a charm (_luasi_),
because I have slain a man”. When he has used this charm, which may be
either drunk or administered in a bath, the danger passes away. In the
same manner, if a man kill his younger brother, or anyone under his
charge, there is no case against the murderer. For one thing, there is no
prosecutor, and moreover, relatives may be treated as slaves (77). If a
man have a fatal quarrel with his ward, he finds it a sufficient excuse
to say, “The deceased began it”. But if his ward or even his slave be
killed by another party, the guardian at once becomes prosecutor, and
does not rest till he obtains the fullest compensation.
79. KILLING ENEMIES.
When an enemy is killed, there is a desire to secure portions (_ikawo_)
of his body (36), which is mutilated accordingly. The parts[10] generally
taken are the eyebrows, nose, little finger or toe, and the pudenda. If
there be no danger of interruption, the man or woman thus mutilated, will
be also disembowelled and the heart plucked out. The portions thus cut
from a body, are roasted or burned till quite reduced to ashes (_sile_).
They are then used as charms in various ways. The savage makes tatoos
(_malaka_) in his arm and rubs the ashes into them. Or he cooks gruel
(likoko) and stirs the ashes into it. This dreadful mixture of flour and
flesh, must be lapped with the tongue, as it would be “unlucky” to eat it
with the hands. There are several devices for facilitating the lapping
process, such as pouring the mixture from one dish to another and licking
the bottom of the emptied dish. Another way of using this weird and
awful charm, is as an amulet (njilīsi)—the ashes are mixed with castor
oil and sewed up in a small bag, which is worn round the neck or about
the loins. I knew one headman whose great success in war was attributed
to the fact that he had eaten “the whole body of a strong young man”.
But if he had not been protected by powerful charms, such cannibalism
might have been dangerous to him. The person that eats a human being is
believed to run a great risk. Even the person that kills a human being,
though the victim be only a slave (78), must take certain steps to quiet
his conscience. In most cases the murderer tells the chief of the country
who procures a charm from his medicine man.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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