After the Rain : how the West lost the EastVaknin, Samuel
History
After the Rain : how the West lost the East
Vaknin, Samuel
Europe, Eastern -- Economic conditions -- 1989-; Europe, Eastern -- Politics and government -- 1989-
Answer: Short term and long term capital flows are two disparate
phenomena with very little in common. The former is speculative and
technical in nature and has very little to do with fundamental
realities. The latter is investment oriented and committed to the
increasing of the welfare and wealth of its new domicile. It is,
therefore, wrong to talk about "global capital flows". There are
investments (including even long term portfolio investments and venture
capital) - and there is speculative, "hot" money. While "hot money" is
very useful as a lubricant on the wheels of liquid capital markets in
rich countries - it can be destructive in less liquid, immature
economies or in economies in transition. The two phenomena should be
accorded a different treatment. While long-term capital flows should be
completely liberalized, encouraged and welcomed - the short term, "hot
money" type should be controlled and even discouraged. The introduction
of fiscally oriented capital controls (as Chile has implemented) is one
possibility. The less attractive Malaysian model springs to mind. It is
less attractive because it penalizes both the short term and the
long-term financial players. But it is clear that an important and
integral part of the new International Financial Architecture MUST be
the control of speculative money in pursuit of ever-higher yields.
There is nothing inherently wrong with high yields - but the capital
markets provide yields connected to economic depression and to price
collapses through the mechanism of short selling and through the usage
of certain derivatives. This aspect of things must be neutered or at
least countered.
Question: What approach has been most useful in best serving the needs
of small businesses: through private business support firms, business
associations, or by government agencies?
Answer: It depends where. In Israel (until the beginning of the 90s),
South Korea and Japan (until 1997) - the state provided the necessary
direction and support. In the USA - the private sector invented its own
enormously successful support structures (such as venture capital
funds). The right approach depends on the characteristics of the
country in question: how entrepreneurial are its citizens, how
accessible are credits and microcredits to SMEs, how benign are the
bankruptcy laws (which always reflect a social ethos), how good is its
physical infrastructure, how educated are its citizens and so on.
Question: How might collective action problems among numerous and
dispersed small and medium entrepreneurs best be dealt with?
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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