George Hargate, turpentine farmer $3,000 Ned Huggins, tar and turpentine 3,150 E. H. Hill, missionary and trader 2,000 W. A. Ives, carpenter and grocer 2,400 George Gordon, turpentine 1,500 Adam Hymen, turpentine 1,300 Samuel Collins, dry goods and groceries 1,200 Benjamin Whitfield, grocery and eating-house 1,500 Hasty Chatwick, turpentine 1,000 Limber Lewis, staves, wood, and shingles 1,500 George Physic, grocer 1,500 Sylvester Mackey, undertaker 1,000 Charles Bryan, cartman 1,000 John H. Heath, shoemaker 1,000 William Long, lumberman 1,200 John Bryan, cotton farmer 1,100 Hogan Conedy, cooper and tar maker 1,000 Danzey Heath, grocer and baker 1,500 The average of the incomes of barbers was $675; the blacksmiths, $468; masons, $402; carpenters, $510; grocers, $678; coopers, $418, and of turpentine farmers, $446. While the negroes at Newbern, by patient toil, were putting such facts as these on record, the whole refugee white population was drawing rations. At Beaufort, of 1,592 blacks in the place, only 300 received help, while, at the same time, 1,200 whites were supplied with rations. The colony of Roanoke Island, in two years, made improvements whose cost value at the lowest figures was $44,000; more than would have bought the whole island before the war, with all the improvements which the “master class” had put upon it in two hundred years. In two years Sir Walter Raleigh’s colony, established here, became utterly extinct. The negroes in that region have generally preferred turpentine farming, the work being lighter and the returns earlier, as the product of the first dipping is ready for market before mid-summer. From three thousand to ten thousand trees have thus been leased to single individuals. Many have become rich, hundreds have lived in ease, and considering the difficulties in the way, a remarkable proportion supported themselves. The same opportunities were open to the white refugees, and the result is seen in the report of the number of rations issued in Newbern, the largest camp for contrabands in the State, and the great city of refuge to the whole State. Of 8,000 negroes in camp, only 3,000 drew rations, while in the white camp every man, woman, and child was fed by the Government. Footnote 50: That is to say, written for them, and by the old masters themselves. CHAPTER XXXIV. Knoxville and the Mountaineers—Glimpses of Southern Ideas.