Small, thick-set moths (Fig. 105), with smaller palps than the snout moths. Fore wings broad at the root, with straight or somewhat curved outer margins. Hind wings as broad, or even broader, than the fore wings. When at rest the fore wings lie in a roof-like way. They usually possess many characteristic markings. Hind wings greyish, without markings. Antennæ thread-like. Caterpillars hairless, or only slightly hairy; 16-legged: many kinds live in leaves, which they roll up; others in twigs, buds, and fruits, which they hollow out. The =Fawn-coloured Pea Moth= (_Grapholitha nebritana_ = _G. pisana_). _Moth_ (Fig. 105): Length ⅜ inch; span of wings about ⅖ inch. Fore wings fawn-coloured, with metallic sheen; alternating short, white, and dark lines on the front margin. Hind wings black, with bronze sheen and white fringe. _Caterpillar_: ⅓ inch long; 16-legged; pale green, with brown or black head, neck-shield, and last body segment. The thoracic legs are black. Dark warts on each segment. _Habits_: Compare the succeeding species. [Illustration: FIG. 105.—The Fawn-coloured Pea Moth (_Grapholitha nebritana_). ] The =Crescent Pea Moth= (_Grapholitha dorsana_). _Moth_: Somewhat larger than the preceding species. Fore wings olive brown, with many small short white lines on the front margin. A yellowish white crescent on the middle of the hinder margin. Hind wings brownish. _Caterpillar_: Nearly ⅖ inch long, 16-legged, orange yellow, with brown or black head, neck-shield, last body segment, and thoracic feet. Covered with brownish-yellow warts. _Habits_: The moths fly about in large numbers round the pea blossoms, always a short time after sunset. The female lays one, two, or at most three eggs, on a very young pod, or on an ovary. In fourteen days the caterpillar is hatched, bores into the pod, and attacks the peas. The opening made in the margin of the pod closes up again. The pod generally ripens early. When it opens, the full-grown caterpillars creep out, and become pupæ in the soil, within a web, where the pupa lives through the winter. The peas attacked are always covered, while in the pod, with the coarse-grained excrement of the caterpillars, and are often united two or three together by web fibres. _Remedy_: Deep digging of the soil before the winter, or, still better, deep hoeing as soon as the pea crop is gathered in. In this way many of the caterpillars or pupæ hidden in the soil will be destroyed. Family: =Tineidæ= (_Leaf-miners_). [Illustration: FIG. 106.—The Larch Moth (_Coleophora laricella_). ]