are coloured dark or shining green. The headless white maggots live in dung (=House Fly= = _Musca domestica_), in fresh or decaying meat (=Blue-bottle= = _M. vomitoria_), exceptionally (_M. vomitoria_) in wounds that are not kept clean, or in the vagina of several domestic animals. _Remedy_: Compare above (“Flesh Fly”). The =Flower Flies= (_Anthomyia_). These are found on flowers, and resemble many common flies in appearance and colour. The headless white maggots live in dung, also in decaying or sound parts of plants; a few species may sometimes develop in the one kind of material, sometimes in the other. _Anthomyia meteorica_ swarms round the heads of domestic animals, and may even cause inflammation of the eyes and ears. The =Wheat Bulb Fly= (_Anthomyia coarctata_, about a quarter of an inch long, yellowish grey, with black hairs) lives as a larva during winter and spring in the hearts of rye and wheat plants, the leaves of which become yellow in consequence. During April and the beginning of May the larvæ quit these plants and become pupæ in the ground. The second generation can, in like manner, live in various kinds of summer grain. The =Lupine Fly= (_A. funesta_)—nearly one-fifth of an inch long, brownish grey (male) or whitish grey (female), with black legs—digs, when a larva, tunnels in the roots, stems, and seed-leaves of young lupine plants, causing the root and stem to turn black, and the seed-leaves to wither. _Preventive Measure_: Early sowing of the lupines. The =Mangold and Beet Fly= (_A. betæ_), a quarter of an inch long, yellowish grey, lays its eggs, five to eight in number, in the young leaves of mangold and beet. The maggots devour the green substance of the leaf between the two layers of epidermis, so that the leaves die. In June the maggots creep out of the leaves, and become pupæ in the soil. The flies quickly escape, and two or three generations follow one another in the year. As, however, the leaves are now larger, the later generations only effect a small amount of damage. _Preventive Measure_: Close sowing of the turnips, so that even if many are killed there will still be enough young plants. The =Cabbage Root-eating Fly= (_A. radicum_) and the =Radish Fly= (_A. floralis_) live as fleshy, wrinkled, dirty white maggots with black dots, in the underground parts of turnip, cabbage, horseradish, radishes, etc. They lead a similar life to the =Cabbage Fly= (_A. brassicæ_), the cylindrical, smooth, yellowish white maggot of which lives in the underground parts of cabbage, turnip, and rape. The roots attacked swell here and there (Fig. 116), and later on decay; the leaves of the infested plants first become of a dull leaden colour and then wither. Entire fields of cabbage, rape, or turnips, are often destroyed by cabbage fly maggots. The insect passes the winter in the pupa state; the flies appear early in the spring, and usually twice more later on.