another during the same year, the resulting malformation is usually very considerable. “Clover sickness” is probably due to this eelworm. I will treat in somewhat greater detail the =Eelworm Disease= of rye, which is largely prevalent in Westphalia and the Rhine provinces, and had already made its appearance, in the latter at least, at the beginning of the century. The eelworms producing the disease migrate into the soil on the ripening or death of the grain, and later on go back to the new young rye plants or to other plants in which they can live, as the case may be. It is therefore clear that (1) where this disease exists the soil is infected for a time, and (2), the eelworm disease of rye principally appears in regions where the culture of rye is carried on to excess. Germination of the seed corn goes on quite normally in infected fields, and it is only exceptionally that anything particular is noticed in the young plants of winter rye during autumn and winter. The disease appears at the beginning of spring. Some plants soon become yellow and die: others appear to grow very luxuriantly; they possess a beautiful bluish-green colour and seem very healthy; later on they develop enormously in breadth, and each separate plant covers a relatively large area. The base of the stem swells abnormally, so that the plant looks as if it bore below an onion projecting above the ground. This is caused by the lower joints of the haulm remaining very short and thickening considerably, causing the leaf-sheaths which surround the base of the stem to become thicker and broader than usual. The feeble development of roots is also characteristic. The leaves generally remain short, but get very thick; they often become wavy, and may even appear frilled. All the leaves, however, are not crumpled in this way; a few remain quite normal, while others are small and grass-like, but thick (Fig. 132). Later on, the tip of the haulm and the ear often do not come out of the leaf-sheaths; in other plants the ear may appear, but remains small and deformed as well as the rest of the haulm, while the grains which develop are small. A number of shoots, however, may develop normally and bear fruit. Badly infested plants quickly die, some at the very beginning of spring, others later. [Illustration: FIG. 132.—Rye plant in the later stage of the Eelworm disease. ] Where the disease is very bad it may easily be recognized by its characteristic distribution. A number of bare places are noticed in spring on the infected fields; round about these places still living but badly diseased plants may be noticed, and the symptoms of attack are less obvious the further one goes from the bald spots.