=The Cabbage Worm.= The cabbage worm of the early spring garden is a familiar object, but you may not know that the innocent-looking little white butterflies hovering about the cabbage patch are laying eggs which are soon to hatch and make the dreaded cabbage worms. In Fig. 164 _a_ and _b_ show the common cabbage butterfly, _c_ shows several examples of the caterpillar, and _d_ shows the pupa case. In the pupa stage the insects pass the winter among the remains of old plants or in near-by fences or in weeds or bushes. Cleaning up and burning all trash will destroy many pupae and thus prevent many cabbage worms. In Fig. 164 _e_ and _f_ show the moth and zebra caterpillar; _g_ represents a moth which is the parent of the small green worm shown at _h_. This worm is a common foe of the cabbage plant. [Illustration: FIG. 163. THE DREADED CHINCH BUG] _Treatment._ Birds aid in the destruction of this pest. Paris green mixed with air-slaked lime will also kill many larvae. After the cabbage has headed, it is very difficult to destroy the worm, but pyrethrum insect powder used freely is helpful. =The Chinch Bug.= The chinch bug, attacking as it does such important crops as wheat, corn, and grasses, is a well-known pest. It probably causes more money loss than any other garden or field enemy. In Orange county, North Carolina, farmers were once obliged to suspend wheat-growing for two years on account of the chinch bug. In one year in the state of Illinois this bug caused a loss of four million dollars. [Illustration: FIG. 164. CABBAGE WORMS AND BUTTERFLIES] _Treatment._ Unfortunately we cannot prevent all of the damage done by chinch bugs, but we can diminish it somewhat by good clean agriculture. Destroy the winter homes of the insect by burning dry grass, leaves, and rubbish in fields and fence rows. Although the insect has wings, it seldom or never uses them, usually traveling on foot; therefore a deep furrow around the field to be protected will hinder or stop the progress of an invasion. The bugs fall into the bottom of the furrow, and may there be killed by dragging a log up and down the furrow. Write to the Division of Entomology, Washington, for bulletins on the chinch bug. Other methods of prevention are to be found in these bulletins. [Illustration: FIG. 165. A PLANT LOUSE COLONY] =The Plant Louse.= The plant louse is very small, but it multiplies with very great rapidity. During the summer the young are born alive, and it is only toward fall that eggs are laid. The individuals that hatch from eggs are generally wingless females, and their young, born alive, are both winged and wingless. The winged forms fly to other plants and start new colonies. Plant lice mature in from eight to fourteen days.