1. Marks of violence 1. No marks of violence, 1. As alcohol. on head. unless person has fallen. History will be of use. 2. Stupor, sudden. 2. Excitement precedes 2. Symptoms slow. sudden stupor. Drowsiness, stupor, lethargy. 3. Face pale, cold; 3. Face flushed; pupils 3. Face pale; pupils pupils sluggish, generally dilated. contracted. sometimes dilated. 4. Remission rare. 4. Partial recovery may 4. Remission rare. Patient recovers occur, followed by slowly. death. 5. No odour of alcohol 5. Odour of alcohol 5. Odour of opium in in breath. in breath. breath. =Ether= is a volatile liquid prepared from ethylic alcohol by interaction with sulphuric acid. It contains 92 per cent. of ethyl oxide (C_{2}H_{5})O. It was formerly called 'sulphuric ether.' It is a colourless, inflammable liquid, having a strong and characteristic odour, specific gravity 0.735. =Purified ether= from which the ethylic alcohol has been removed by washing with distilled water, and most of the water by subsequent distillation in the presence of calcium chloride and lime. It is this preparation which is used for the production of general anaesthesia. It has a specific gravity of 0.722 to 0.720, and its vapour is very inflammable. _Symptoms._--When taken as a liquid, same as alcohol. When inhaled as vapour, causes slow, prolonged, and stertorous breathing; face becomes pale, lips bluish, surface of body cold. Pulse first quickens, then slows. Pupils dilated, eyes glassy and fixed, muscles become flabby and relaxed, profound anaesthesia. Then pulse sinks and coma ensues, sensation being entirely suspended. Nausea and vomiting not uncommon. _Post-Mortem Appearances._--Brain and lungs congested. Cavities of heart full of dark, liquid blood. Vessels at upper part of spinal cord congested. _Treatment._--Exposure to pure air, cold affusion, artificial respiration, galvanism. _Method of Extraction from the Contents of the Stomach._--Same as for alcohol. During distillation pass some of the vapour into concentrated solution of bichromate of potash, nitric and sulphuric acids, and note reaction as for alcohol. _Tests._--Vapour burns with smoky flame, depositing carbon. Sparingly soluble in water. With bichromate of potash and sulphuric acid same as alcohol. =Chloroform.=--A colourless liquid, specific gravity 1.490 to 1.495, very volatile, giving off dense vapour. Sweet taste and pleasant odour.