Aids to the Study of the Maya Codices: Sixth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1884-85, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1888, pages 253-372Thomas, Cyrus
History
Aids to the Study of the Maya Codices: Sixth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1884-85, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1888, pages 253-372
Thomas, Cyrus
Codex Dresdensis Maya; Maya language
is rendered probable on the one hand by the fact that this whole
section treats of him and is proved on the other hand by the
circumstance that in the same place the same snake is found
represented with the head of the god; thus, page 35, middle, and 36,
above. In the same way this snake with the god's head is also found
in the Codex Cortesianus, page 10, middle, a passage which is
rendered notable also by the fact that in the writing above the
picture there is expressly found as a second sign the name
hieroglyph of the god.
[Illustration: No. 36. _a_ _b_]
_Cimi_ (?). Supposed symbols of the god of death. Occurring very
frequently in all the codices, but with several variations (see
Figs. 383 and 384).
These are given chiefly on the authority of Drs. Förstemann and
Schellhas, as I have some doubt in reference to this conclusion, for
reasons which will here be given.
[Illustration: FIG. 383. The supposed god of death, from the Dresden
Codex.]
[Illustration: FIG. 384. The supposed god of death, from the Troano
Codex.]
As Dr. Schellhas remarks, this is "the most characteristic and most
easily recognized deity of the Maya Codices"; but this statement will not
apply to the symbols, as the variations are such as to render it
exceedingly doubtful whether precisely the same idea is embodied in each.
Even the two forms here given, both of which are found in all the codices
and often together, present variations too marked for us to believe,
except upon strong evidence, that they represent the same thing. Nor do
the figures of this deity or supposed deity appear to embody throughout
the same idea. In fact, they leave us in doubt as to whether any one
recognized deity is to be understood. Was there in the Maya pantheon such
a deity as the god of death? I have so far been unable to find any
satisfactory reason for answering this question in the affirmative.
In the first part of the Dresden Codex, which is devoted, in part at
least, if not chiefly, to the maladies of the country, the skeleton
figures undoubtedly have reference to death, much like the skull and
cross bones in our day. In other places, as Plates XXVII and XXII* of the
Manuscript Troano and Plate 7 of the Cortesian Codex, the parched earth
appears to be intended, but it must be conceded that here also the idea
of death is included. Substantially the same idea, or at least the
relation of this god to the earth, appears to be indicated in Plate 8 of
the Cortesian Codex, where he is represented as beneath and holding up
that upon which another deity, bearing the bread symbol, is seated.
As before stated the two symbols frequently appear in connection,
sometimes where the god is figured and often where he is not. It is,
therefore, unsafe to conclude as yet that either variety indicates a
particular deity known as the god of death.
[Illustration: No. 37.]
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