[97] The raising of the hands in surprise is explained ("Expression of the Emotions," 1st Edit., p. 287) on the doctrine of antithesis as being the opposite of listlessness. Mr. Wallace's view (given in the second edition of "Expression of the Emotions," p. 300) is that the gesture is appropriate to sudden defence or to the giving of aid to another person. [98] At this time Darwin, while very busy with other work, had to prepare a second edition of "The Descent of Man," and it is probable that he or the publishers suggested that Wallace should make the necessary corrections.--EDITOR. [99] "Insectivorous Plants." [100] "The Geographical Distribution of Animals." 1876. [101] Wallace points out that "hardly a small island on the globe but has some land shell peculiar to it," and he goes so far as to say that probably air-breathing mollusca have been chiefly distributed by air- or water-carriage, rather than by voluntary dispersal on the land. _See_ "More Letters," II. 14. [102] _See_ "The Descent of Man," 1st Edit., pp. 90 and 143, for drawings of the Argus pheasant and its markings. The ocelli on the wing feathers were favourite objects of Darwin's, and sometimes formed the subject of the little lectures which on rare occasions he would give to a visitor interested in Natural History. In Wallace's book, the meaning of the ocelli comes in by the way, in the explanation of Plate IX., "A Malayan Forest with some of its Peculiar Birds." The case is a "remarkable confirmation of Mr. Darwin's views, that gaily coloured plumes are developed in the male bird for the purpose of attractive display." [103] "Geographical Distribution of Animals," i. 286-7. [104] "Geographical Distribution," i. 76. The name Lemuria was proposed by Mr. Sclater for an imaginary submerged continent extending from Madagascar to Ceylon and Sumatra. Wallace points out that if we confine ourselves to facts Lemuria is reduced to Madagascar, which he makes a subdivision of the Ethiopian Region. [105] H.F. Blandford, "On the Age and Correlations of the Plant-bearing Series of India and the Former Existence of an Indo-Oceanic Continent" (_Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc_., 1875, xxxi. 519).