8. What can be done toward improvement by the family? the school? the city government? III. _Prevalent Abuses._ 9. Do the slum conditions tend to contaminate new arrivals? Do they actually deteriorate? 10. What is the worst industrial feature of the tenement-house districts? Describe its workings. Tell of some typical sweat-shop workers. 11. What political evils flourish in the congested districts? 12. What moral and social evils flourish in the congested districts? IV. _Effects upon the Poor and the Children._ 13. What relation does immigration hold to pauperism and poverty? To conditions of health? 14. Name some of the principal authorities for the preceding answers? How would you answer those who disputed their statements? 15. Can you give any facts as to child labor? What do you think of the policy of employing children? 16. * Does this chapter convince you that Christians have a duty in these matters, and if so, what is it? REFERENCES FOR ADVANCED STUDY.--CHAPTER VI I. _New York Slums and Foreign Quarters._ Study especially the Ghetto, Little Italy, Little Hungary, et al. and find out whether similar conditions exist in cities of your section. For New York, consult University Settlement Studies, Vol. I, Nos. 3 and 4. Riis: How the Other Half Lives, X, XII. For Chicago, consult Hull House Papers. For Boston, consult Wood: Americans in Process, III, IV. II. _Measures for Relief of Slum Population._ Riis: The Battle With the Slum, V-XV. Riis: How the Other Half Lives, VI, VII, XXIV. III. _Connection between a Dense Foreign Population and Corruption in Politics._ Wood: Americans in Process, VI. IV. _Checks Put upon Industrial Oppression and Poverty._ Riis: The Peril and the Preservation of the Home. V. _Problems of Poverty and Childhood as Affected by Immigration._ Hunter: Poverty, I, V, VI. Riis: How the Other Half Lives, XV, XVII, XXI. _"To make us love our country, our country ought to be lovely," said Burke. If there is to be patriotism, it must be a matter of pride to say, "Americanus sum"--I am an American._--Professor Mayo-Smith. VII IMMIGRATION AND THE NATIONAL CHARACTER