5. What are the leading types at present? What are they likely to be in the future? 6. Mention opposing opinions as to the Italians? Which seem to you nearer the truth? 7. What differences are there between Italians from different parts of Italy? 8. From what class come most of the Italians now arriving? Of what sex? What age? What skill? 9. How has Italian immigration grown in numbers? How has it been distributed? 10. What proportion go West and South? Are efforts being made to attract them anywhere? III. _Are the Italians a Desirable Class of Immigrants_? 11. How do they compare with the early Irish immigrants? With other nationalities? 12. What is the record of Italians in this country; as to work, citizenship, self-support, crime, temperance, thrift, care for education, financial ability? 13. Have many Italians taken to farming? Do they succeed? What sort of farming? 14. What efforts are being made to direct and distribute the Italian immigrants? IV. _What is the Opportunity of the Christian Church Among Them_? 15. Do you know of any specific effort to uplift them through Christian influences? 16. Does this chapter make you feel that the churches can do more for them? How? REFERENCES FOR ADVANCED STUDY.--CHAPTER IV I. _Further Study of Contrasts Between Different Types of Italians._ Lord, et al: The Italian in America, I, III, V. Brandenburg: Imported Americans, IV, VI, XII. Holt: Undistinguished Americans, III. II. _Illiteracy Among the Northern and Southern Italians._ (1) Its bearing on their desirability as immigrants. Brandenburg: Imported Americans, IV, XII, XX. Hall: Immigration, 54-58, 80-83. (2) Its relation to the probable effect of a reading test for admission. Lord, et al: The Italian in America, VIII, XI. Hall: Immigration, 262-280. (3) Its bearing on their accessibility to the gospel. McLanahan: Our People of Foreign Speech, 69-74. Wood: Americans in Process, IX. III. _Location of Italians After Their Arrival and Length of Their Stay._ Brandenburg: Imported Americans, II, XIX, XXII. Lord, et al: The Italian in America, VI, VII, IX. IV. _The Italians in New York City and State._ Benefits and dangers arising from their presence, and efforts made to help them. Riis: How the Other Half Lives, V, XXIV. University Settlement Studies, Vol. I, Numbers 3 and 4, issue January, 1906. Reports of the Society for Italian Immigrants, 17 Pearl Street, New York City. _Yesterday the Slav was a pauper immigrant; to-day he is what the English, Welsh, Irish, and German miner was a quarter of a century ago--on the way to becoming an American citizen. What sort of a citizen he will be will depend upon the influences brought to bear upon him._--F. J. Warne. V THE EASTERN INVASION