Pork-eaters, 31-2. Portuguese, ships of, 53. Provincial marine, the, 181. Punt, the, 27. Quebec, shipbuilding at, 71, 75; and the launching of the 'Royal William,' 139-40. Quebec and Halifax Navigation Company, builds the 'Royal William,' 138. Queenston, trade at, 72. Raft, the, 18-19. Raleigh, Sir Walter, on striking topmasts, 53. Rapids, running of, 35-6. 'R. C. Rickmers,' the largest sailing ship in the world, 105. Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company, 148-50. Rideau Canal, 136. Ross, firm of shipbuilders at Quebec, 79. Royal National Mission to Deep Sea Fishermen, its good work, 172. Royal Navy. See under Great Britain. 'Royal William,' first steamer to cross the Atlantic entirely under steam, 136-43; first steamer to fire a shot in action, 143-4; her records, 144-5. Sailing craft, three types of, 17-37, 129-30. See under names of craft. Sails: the simple square of the Vikings, 43-4; invention of the fore-and-aft-trimmed sails, 46-7, 50, 65-7; sails of a ship, 105-7; setting and trimming, 107-9, 127; in a squall, 109-10; in an Antarctic hurricane, 120-5. St Charles river, shipbuilding yards at, 61. 'St Jean,' wrecked on Anticosti, 64. 'St John,' first steamer in Canadian salt water, 136. St Lawrence river system, 1-3; and France, 63. St Lawrence Steamboat Company, 134-5. Saint-Onge, Roberval's pilot, 51. Salter Brothers, shipbuilders at Moncton, 80. 'Santa Maria,' Columbus's ship, 49-50. 'Savannah,' her claims disproved, 136-7, 141. Schooner, handiness of the, 159, 161. Seamen's Institutes, benefit of, 171-2. Seppings, Sir Robert, chief constructor of the Navy, 85, 86. Shipbuilding: in Canada, 14, 59-60, 61; comparison between English and French, 57; construction and launching of a ship, 82-91, 153-4. Shipping, in the eighteenth century, 69-70; in the nineteenth, 74-5. Ships, short terms designating the nationality of, 93. Simpson, Sir George, governor of the Hudson's Bay Company, 29, 36; his tour of inspection, 37-40. 'Sophia,' her record trip, 72. South Africa and the British Navy, 183, 185. Sovereign of the Seas,' surpasses all records, 56. Sovereign Council of New France, builds the 'Galiote,' 59. Spain, her Armada, 52; superiority of her ships, 53. Squall, how to manage a ship in a, 109-10. Starboard, origin of word, 118. Steam craft, types of, 151-2. Steam-engine, development of, 153. Steering a ship, 119-20. 'Swiftsure,' an early steamer in Canada, 132-3. 'Taeping,' wins famous clipper race, 103. Talon, Jean, encourages shipbuilding in Canada, 59-60. Teabout, Henry, an American shipbuilder in Canada, 135. Torrance Line, the, 135. 'Tug, The,' first towboat in the world, 134. Tug, the handiest all-round craft, 151-2. United Empire Loyalists, settle in Maritime Provinces, 70-71. United States, her tonnage threatens British supremacy, 53, 74; navy of, 183. Vancouver, George, navigates the Pacific coast, 178.