Taking all these observations together, the tendency of pseudopods to
move in a spiral manner, the tendency of the ameba as a whole to move in
a spiral path when in the flagellate stage, and the wavy path of amebas
which is smoothest when in the clavate stage, all these observations
seem to confirm the supposition that the wavy path is in reality a
flattened spiral, and that the spiral urge in ameba is a very
fundamental factor in the process of locomotion. In other words, there
is present in ameba an automatic regulating mechanism controlling the
direction of movement so that when free from stimulation a spiral path
is followed.
Where can such a mechanism be located? In organisms of fixed form, such
as vertebrates, the mechanism controlling and coördinating locomotion is
in the central nervous system. Even in some protozoa (_Euplotes_) a
motorium has been found whose function apparently is that of
coördinating the action of at least some of the motile organs (Sharp,
’13, Yocom, ’18). But in ameba there is no fixed form. The ameba is
continually mixing itself up. No two masses of protoplasm ever occupy
the same space relations to each other for more than a moment, excepting
perhaps within the nucleus. But the nucleus as a whole is continually
changing its position with regard to the rest of the ameba, and almost
certainly its position at any given moment in the ameba is the result,
not of its own activity, but of the endoplasm and the ectoplasm. A
formed nucleus, moreover, is not necessary to concerted movement, for
_Protamoeba_, in which no granules of chromatin have been found, and
there certainly is no formed nucleus present, moves in a concerted
manner, though I am unable to state definitely whether it moves in a
wavy path. (I have seen this organism only a few times, and on none of
these occasions was I able to make the test). It seems therefore
possible that the agency responsible for the movement of amebas in
flattened spiral paths can be located at any particular point within the
ameba. It seems more likely that this mechanism is a spatial aspect of
the intimate colloidal activity occurring in such changes of phase as
are associated with the phenomenon of contractility and streaming.
Seeing then that movement in spiral paths is possible in animals not
possessed of fixed morphology, it becomes of great interest to see
whether the spiral paths of free swimming ciliates, flagellates, etc.,
are similar to those observed in amebas.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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