How well and amply we were producing ammunition for our machine guns and rifles is indicated by the fact that our average monthly production, based upon our showing in July, August, and September, 1918, was 277,894,000 rounds as against a monthly average for Great Britain of 259,769,000 rounds and for France of 139,845,000. Our total production of machine-gun and rifle ammunition during the 19 months of warfare was 2,879,148,000 rounds, while in that period England produced 3,486,127,000 rounds and France 2,983,675,000, but it must be remembered that they had been keyed up to that voluminous production by three years of fighting and that our monthly production rate indicated we would soon far surpass them in quantities. The following table shows how our total production of ammunition for all small arms, including machine guns, rifles, pistols, and revolvers, grew month by month during the war: Rounds. Nov. 30, 1917 156,102,792 Dec. 31, 1917 351,117,928 Jan. 31, 1918 573,981,712 Feb. 28, 1918 760,485,688 Mar. 31, 1918 1,021,610,956 Apr. 30, 1918 1,318,298,492 May 31, 1918 1,616,142,052 June 30, 1918 1,958,686,784 July 31, 1918 2,306,999,284 Aug. 31, 1918 2,623,847,546 Sept. 30, 1918 2,942,875,786 Oct. 31, 1918 3,236,396,100 Nov. 30, 1918 3,507,023,300 Dec. 31, 1918 3,741,652,200 Jan. 31, 1919 3,940,682,744 CHAPTER XIII. TRENCH-WARFARE MATERIAL. Like many of the other war implements produced by the Ordnance Department for use in France, the weapons employed in fighting from the trenches were entirely novel to American industry; and in the production of them we find the same story of the difficulties in the adoption of foreign designs, of the development of our own designs, of the delays encountered and mistakes made in equipping a new industry from the ground up, but, finally, of the triumphant arrival at quantity production in a marvelously brief time, considering the obstacles which had to be overcome.