Therefore it will appear, that the _X. orientale_, which had been considered as a native of Asia, Europe, and America, is composed of at least three species; the European species, which has been called _X. macrocarpon_ by Decandolle, the American species, which I have called _X. maculatum_, and the Asiatic species, to which the name of _X. orientale_ ought to remain; but which ought to be better described, and more fully distinguished from the _X. macrocarpon_ by those who may chance to meet with it. I even suspect that many species grow in Asia, since that of Ceylon may be different from the Chinese and Siberian species. _Xanthium Maculatum._ _Definition._ Stem flexuous, round, rough, spotted with black; leaves long-petiolate, cuneate-reniform, nearly trilobe, sinuate-toothed, obtuse, rough, and thick; fruits elliptic, obtuse muricate; thorns rough. _Description._ The root is annual, thick, and white. The stem rises from one to two feet; it is upright, without thorns, very thick, and with few branches; it is covered with oblong, black, and rough spots. The leaves are few, but large, with very long petiols; they are nearly reniform, with an acute base, and have three nerves; the teeth are unequal, large, and obtuse. The flowers and fruits are disposed as in _X. strumarium_; but the fruits are generally solitary; they are half an inch long, nearly cylindrical obtuse, with the two beaks scarcely perceptible and bent in, covered with short, thick, and rough thorns, rather soft, and not uncinate. The whole plant has a peculiar smell, not unpleasant, somewhat between the camphorate and gravulent odour, but weaker than in _Conysa camphorata_, &c. _History._ This plant grows on Long-Island, near the seashore and marshes. I have found it common near Bath, on the downs, and in New-Jersey, near Bergen, and Powles Hook, on the margin of marshy meadows. According to Dr. Mulenberg, it grows also in Pennsylvania; Messrs. Torrey and Leconte found it on the island of New-York; and by Morison and Decandolle's account, it is found as far north as Canada. It blossoms in August and September, but the fruits remain on the plant till the severe frosts of December. _Observations._ This species differs from the _X. macrocarpon_ of Decandolle, by having smaller fruits, without horns, and whose thorns are neither hooked nor hispid; by not having an angular stem, but a round, spotted one, and by its leaves being broader, and not serrate, &c. Nearly all those differences exist between it and the _X. orientale_ of Asia, which has not yet been isolated from the _X. macrocarpon_. The _X. edrinatum_ differs from this by having oval fruits, with aggregated, echinate, and hooked thorns; and the _X. strumarium_, by having cordate hirsute leaves, the fruits aggregated, with hooked thorns and horned tops. The _X. spinosum_, and _X. fruticosum_, ate so totally different that they need not be compared. ZOOLOGY.