At the end of his term of office as President, Jefferson retired to private life in his much-loved home of Monticello. Famous not only for his statesmanship, but for his learning, he was called the "Sage of Monticello," and was visited by people from far and near. The number of his guests was enormous, his housekeepers sometimes finding it necessary to provide fifty beds for them. Of course all this entertaining was a great burden, and the expense of it almost ruined him financially. But his life moved happily on. Always busy with some useful work, he took a deep interest in education, and was the founder of the University of Virginia, in which he felt a just pride. On July 4, 1826, just fifty years after the signing of the Declaration of Independence, this great man breathed his last, at the ripe age of eighty-three. On the tombstone which marks his grave at Monticello is this inscription, written by his own hand: "Here was buried Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independence, of the Statutes of Virginia for Religious Freedom, and Father of the University of Virginia." It was such things as these--things that touched the freedom of all men--that he sought to further, and in so doing found his greatest satisfaction. REVIEW OUTLINE THE LOUISIANA TERRITORY. THE OUT-DOOR LIFE OF YOUNG THOMAS JEFFERSON. SCHOOL AND COLLEGE LIFE. JEFFERSON'S PERSONAL APPEARANCE. "THE PEN OF THE REVOLUTION." JEFFERSON'S HAPPY HOME LIFE. A WEALTHY PLANTER AT MONTICELLO. JEFFERSON WRITES THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. HIS "REPUBLICAN SIMPLICITY." NAPOLEON SELLS US LOUISIANA; ITS VAST EXTENT. THE "SAGE OF MONTICELLO." TO THE PUPIL 1. Tell about Jefferson's youthful friendship for Patrick Henry. 2. How did Jefferson look when he was in college? 3. Describe Jefferson's happy home life. How did he show his interest in the people? How did his slaves regard him? 4. What is meant by his "republican simplicity"? 5. When and why did Jefferson purchase Louisiana? 6. Draw a map of Louisiana. 7. What do you admire in Jefferson's character? CHAPTER XX Robert Fulton and the Steamboat [1765-1815] [Illustration: Robert Fulton.] After the purchase of Louisiana thousands of settlers joined the ever-swelling tide of westward migration which had been set in motion by the early pioneers. These frontiersmen had made their way across the mountains either by the forest trail, leading with them their pack-horses or, a little later, by the rough road cut through the forest, their household goods packed in a strong wagon drawn by oxen or horses.