American Pomology. ApplesWarder, J. A. (John Aston)
Science
American Pomology. Apples
Warder, J. A. (John Aston)
Apples
are so unseemly upon the fair cheek of the lighter colored varieties.
The modes of keeping winter fruits are exceedingly various, and some
of them are quite primitive. The desiderata are coolness and dryness,
which should not be carried to the extent of freezing, nor of
desiccation. The simplest method is to place the fruit in a pile upon
a dry piece of ground, to cover it thickly with clean dry straw, and,
as the winter approaches, to apply a heavy layer of earth, sufficient
to keep out the frost. Sometimes this is kept from the straw by a
simple roof of boards, which support the earth from pressing upon the
fruit, and leave it in a sort of cave, which can be entered
occasionally during the winter. This plan is only recommended for
those who have no cellars or other suitable apartments, for many
fruits acquire an earthy flavor from this near contact with the soil.
Another primitive plan, and one which is well adapted to the
preservation of cider apples, and might be used for the keeping of
those needed for stock feeding, is to build a rail-pen, four square,
like a field corn-crib, into which the fruit is put upon straw, and a
lining of the same material is placed at the sides and upon the top,
which may also be sheltered with boards to shed off the rain. In our
mild winters, many varieties of fruits can be sufficiently well
preserved in this manner for the purposes mentioned. In a proper
establishment for cider-making, large bins and rooms are provided
within the building, which afford sufficient protection from the
frost, so that cider-making may be carried on during the winter; and
in well arranged farm-steads, the feeding barns should be provided
with suitable compartments for the safe storage of fruits or roots,
that are to be fed to the stock during the inclement season, when they
are so much needed.
All farm-houses should be provided with good deep and dry cellars,
which will prove the best place for the storage of fruits. These may
be placed in bins, or, still better, upon shelves, as it is not
desirable to have too great a bulk together. When but one, or at most,
but two layers of fruit are deposited upon each shelf, and when each
of these is placed at a sufficient distance from those above or below
it, the whole may be easily inspected from time to time, and defective
specimens can be removed without disturbing the rest. These shelves
should be made of narrow strips, separated from one another by a space
that will admit of thorough ventilation. The whole apartment devoted
to fruit, should be kept cool and dark, and free from moisture or
dampness.
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