Mr. Parkman, the noted rose fancier, has found a mixture of soap and petroleum of great service, as it kills the slugs without injuring the buds and foliage. To a gallon of soft soap he adds two-thirds of a pint of petroleum, mixes them thoroughly, and dissolves in half a barrel of water; to be applied with a syringe. =Diptera.=--Dr. Fitch describes as a new species _Malobrus mali_. He found them in a fruit that had been perforated by the Codling-moth. The larvæ are transparent; the flies resemble the Hessian-fly, that destroys the wheat plant.[44] =Cecidomyia grossulariæ=, or Gooseberry Midge, attacks the fruit, giving it the appearance of ripening prematurely. Considerable fruit is lost in this way.[45] In closing this chapter, the author feels obliged to express his regrets that no more space could have been appropriated to this important subject. He could only indicate some of the most troublesome insects of our orchards and vineyards, and he hopes that the reader will be induced to pursue the investigation for himself. He knows, by experience, that the study will bring its own reward in the information that is received, and which is absolutely necessary to enable us to combat these troublesome pests successfully. FOOTNOTES: [23] _Practical Entomologist_, 518 South 13th street, Philadelphia, fifty cents a year, in advance. [24] Vide _Prairie Farmer_, _American Agriculturist_, _Country Gentleman_, etc. [25] See Practical Entomologist, Vol. II, p. 32. [26] See Practical Entomologist, Vol. II, p. 31. [27] Harris, p. 205. [28] Harris' Report, p. 310. [29] For further details of these insects, the reader is referred to Fitch's Report, pp. 82 to 98. [30] Rept. cit., p. 100. [31] Rept. cit., p. 122. [32] Rept. cit., p. 125. [33] Rept. cit., p. 134. [34] Trans. N.Y. Ag'l Soc., 1856, p. 359. [35] Lib. cit. p. 435. [36] Harris' Rept. p. 211. [37] For further particulars respecting these insects, consult Dr. Fitch's Rept., p. 5, and Harris's Rept., p. 241. [38] Vide Harris' Rept., p. 232. [39] Rept., p. 403. [40] Rept., p. 241. [41] Vide Fitch, in N.Y. Trans. 1856, p. 382. [42] For interesting details vide Fitch's Rept., p. 221. [43] Rept., p. 256. [44] See Fitch's Report, p. 176. [45] See Fitch's Report, p. 252. CHAPTER XV. CHARACTERS OF FRUITS AND THEIR VALUE. TERMS USED.