Spring budding is sometimes desirable, either to fill up gaps in the nursery-rows, or to secure varieties, the scions of which may have been received too late for grafting, or when it is desirable to multiply them as much as possible, by making every bud grow. When the operation is to be performed in the spring, the scions must be kept back, by placing them in the ice-house until the stocks are in full leaf, when the bark will peel readily, and the buds may be inserted with a pretty fair prospect of success; of course, the American method must be used in this case, as the wood and bark of the dormant scion will not separate. The stocks should be cut down as early in the spring as the buds begin to swell, with a sharp knife, applied just above the bud, and on the same side; the whole upper portion of the stock must be removed by a clean cut; this is better than to leave a stump of three or four inches, as is often recommended, as a support to which to tie up the buds in their tender growth. All shoots from the stock should be rubbed out while young; this may need repeating a second time. If the stocks were strong, the buds will make handsome sturdy trees the first season; the branched form may be assisted by pinching the points when a few inches high, as recommended with the grafts. Two year old stocks should make pretty trees, at one year old from the bud. PROPAGATION.--SECT. IV.--THE NURSERY. APOLOGY. NURSERYMEN NEED NOT BE JEALOUS. SITE AND SOIL. ROOTS AFFECTED BY SOIL. FIBROUS ROOTS DESIRABLE. ROOT PRUNING. THE PLOW PRUNER. DIGGING TREES. HIGH MANURING. OBJECTIONS. CROWDING THE ROWS IS STILL WORSE. PREPARATION OF NURSERY SOIL. DRAINING. LAYING OUT. DISTANCES. BEDDING APPLE GRAFTS. MULCHING. THE ROLLER AS A CULTIVATOR. LAYING BY TREES FOR WINTER WITH THE PLOW. THE SUBSOIL LIFTER. THE PRONGED HOE. THOROUGH PREPARATION OF CUTTING BEDS. MANAGEMENT OF CUTTINGS. AUTUMNAL PLANTING. WINTER MULCHING. GRAPE CUTTINGS. FALL PLANTING. LONG CUTTINGS. SHORT CUTTINGS. TRIMMING. VALUE OF THE LEAVES. STOCKY TREES. SIDE BRANCHES. SHORTENING-IN. WHEN TO REMOVE. HEADING-IN THE TREES. WHEN TO DO IT. AGE OF TREES FOR PLANTING. MAIDEN TREES. DISADVANTAGES OF LARGE TREES. BENEFITED BY ROOT PRUNING. THE HOME NURSERY. FIELD'S PLAN. THE NURSERY ORCHARD OF WHITNEY. WINTER KILLING. PREVENTION OF BY EARLY RIPENING THE WOOD. INJURIOUS ANIMALS. MOLES. MICE. RABBITS. PREVENTIVES. INSECTS.