American Red Cross Text-Book on Home Hygiene and Care of the SickAmerican National Red Cross
Science
American Red Cross Text-Book on Home Hygiene and Care of the Sick
American National Red Cross
Home nursing; Hygiene; Nurses; Nursing
TUBERCULOSIS.--Every year tuberculosis causes the death of about 150,000
people in the United States. It is caused by the bacillus tuberculosis,
a germ which may attack any tissue of the body, although it most
frequently affects the lungs of grown people, and the bones and glands
of children. The disease is not inherited, but susceptibility to it
appears to be; it is readily communicated from person to person. The
germ of tuberculosis is so widely distributed that probably few persons
over 30 years of age have not been infected with it at some time,
although the infection may have been too slight to be noticed. Indeed,
most people have probably been infected many times, though without
serious results.
Tuberculosis is spread chiefly in two ways: (1) through any bodily
discharges from infected persons, especially through the nose and mouth
discharges; (2) through milk from infected cows. The ways by which the
disease is spread indicate methods of prevention. Milk, especially for
children, should either be pasteurized or should come from cows that
have been tested and proved to be free from the disease. Other methods
of prevention include avoiding any and all bodily discharges of infected
persons, and increasing bodily resistance as far as possible. Good food,
sufficient rest and fresh air are not only important preventives, but
also the most efficacious means of cure. Persons who suffer from
insufficient food, exposure, bad housing, long hours, and bad conditions
of work are especially susceptible to tuberculosis, and thus it is
rightly called a disease of poverty.
Early symptoms of tuberculosis include cough, hoarseness, loss of
appetite, pain in the side, loss of weight, getting tired easily,
feeling run down, rise in temperature in the afternoon, night sweats,
expectoration, and spitting blood. No one, nor even several, of these
symptoms necessarily indicates the presence of tuberculosis; on the
other hand, even the cough is not necessarily present when tuberculosis
actually exists. When one or more of these symptoms appears and
continues, a thorough examination should be made by a doctor;
examination can do no harm, certainly, if tuberculosis is not found, and
if it is, immediate treatment is of the greatest importance. No known
drug or medicine is a cure for tuberculosis. Successful treatment
depends on taking the disease in time and in following the doctor's
advice unremittingly.
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