A series of elections in the city of Cleveland, Ohio, in the period between 1911 and 1918 seemed to offer opportunities for study of a number of large racial groups under reasonably normal conditions. It is not claimed that this Study was conclusive in its results or fully scientific in its method; but it certainly produced a significant exhibit of facts, and in general confirmed what is known to everyone who ever has worked With or candidly observed at first hand the part played by the foreign-born voter in American politics--namely, that he is in no important respect different from the native-born; that he is swayed by the same motives and emotions, and is not essentially different in respect of responsiveness to appeals to his civic pride. The first step was to select for study a group of election precincts including as large a proportion as possible of the various nationalities, and for comparison another group of districts which would show the action of native-born voters. Ten of the latter were selected, including populations both relatively wealthy and relatively poor, and both habitually Republican and habitually Democratic. For foreign-born racial groups the following were selected as most important: Czechs, Magyars, Poles, Jugo-Slavs, Italians, and Jews. Owing to the scattered nature of the racial distribution, it was impossible to find a large number of districts predominantly of any particular race; but it was possible to segregate three for each of these races, and four for one, for comparison with them of the native born; so that 29 precincts were studied, as follows: TABLE XLIII DISTRIBUTION OF NATIONALITY IN TWENTY-NINE PRECINCTS IN CLEVELAND ==================================================== Native born | 10 Czech | 3 Magyar | 3 Polish | 3 Jugo-Slav | 3 Italian | 4 Jewish | 3 ----------------------------------+------ Total | 29 ==================================================== Eight elections were covered by the inquiry, comparing the votes for: Mayor 1911--Baker _vs._ Hogen. Mayor 1913--Baker _vs._ Davis. Mayor 1915--Witt, Davis, Ruthenberg. Mayor 1917--Stinchcomb, Davis, Ruthenberg. President 1916--Wilson, Hughes, Debs. Governor 1916--Cox _vs._ Willis. Governor 1918--Cox _vs._ Willis. Congressman 1918--Candidates differing in different districts. The returns were examined also for indications as to attitudes about woman suffrage and the question of no-license and prohibition, in elections between 1912 and 1918.