It will be perceived, however, that the name was not applied at first to the entire land masses of America, but merely to that portion now known as Brazil, called by Cabral "_Terra Sanctae Crucis_," or "Land of the Holy Cross," and by Vespucci, who continued his explorations, "_Mundus Novus_." Further than this Vespucci never went, and, moreover, he passed away "before his name was applied to the new discoveries on any published map." He was living, of course, when the _Cosmographie_ appeared, and may have seen a copy of the book; but the argument advanced by some that he dedicated this work to Duke Rene of Lorraine, and hence must have written it, falls to the ground when that dedication is examined. The worthy canon who translated Vespucci's letter to Soderini into Latin, copied the dedication in the original, which was addressed to "His Magnificence, Piero Soderini, etc.," but substituted for the last-named his patron, Duke Rene. This is proved by the title "His Magnificence," which was used in addressing the Gonfaloniere of Florence, and never in connection with Duke Rene of Lorraine. It was not until near the middle of the sixteenth century that "America" was recognized "as the established continental name," when, after Mexico had been conquered by Cortes, Peru by Pizarro, and the Pacific revealed by Balboa and Magellan, it first appears on the great Mercator map of 1541. The appellation "America" had superseded _Mundus Novus_ on several maps previous to this, but only as a term applied to restricted regions. "The stage of development," says the learned author of the _Discovery of America_, "consisted of five distinct steps.... 1. Americus called the regions visited by him _beyond the equator_ a 'New World,' because they were unknown to the ancients; 2. Giocondo made this striking phrase, _Mundus Novus_, into a title for his translation of the letter, which he published at Paris (1504) while the author was absent from Europe, and probably without his knowledge; 3. The name _Mundus Novus_ got placed upon several maps as an equivalent for _Terra Sanctae Crucis_, or what we call Brazil; 4. The suggestion was made that _Mundus Novus_ was the Fourth Part of the Earth, and might properly be named America, after its discoverer; 5. The name America thus got placed upon several maps as an equivalent for what we call Brazil, and sometimes came to stand alone for what we call South America, but still signified _only a part of the dry land beyond the Atlantic to which Columbus had led the way_."