Columbus, Christopher, compared with Toscanelli, 18; uses Toscanelli's chart in crossing Atlantic, 1492, 22; letter to, from Toscanelli, 23-27; adopts Toscanelli's ideas, 30; conversations with, chap. v.; personal appearance of, 63; second voyage of, 76; extravagances of, 77; and Bishop Fonseca, 77-79; and the Pinzons, 149, 150; in friendly rivalry with Vespucci, 198; and Vespucci contrasted, 210-214; misfortunes of, 215; letter written by, with reference to Vespucci, 218. Columbus, Diego, suit of, against the crown, 166. Columbus, Ferdinand, books owned by, 248; acquainted with Juan Vespucci, 249. Commerce, European, of the fifteenth century, 47, 48; of Spain, fifteenth century, 57, 58. Constellations of the southern hemisphere, 189, 190. Coquibacoa, coast of Venezuela, 134, 135, 158, 159. Cosa, Juan de la, with Columbus in Cuba, 107; sails with Ojeda, 129; the great pilot, 153; chart made by, in year 1500, 154; sails with Bastidas, 155; second voyage with Ojeda, 156; horrible death of, 157. _Cosmographie Introductio_, the first book containing name of America, 243, 245. Cumana, on coast of Venezuela, 132, 137. Curiana, or Gulf of Pearls, 132. Dragon's Mouth, strait of the, 132. Emanuel, King of Portugal, 168; invites Vespucci to Portugal, 169; receives Vespucci at court, 171; sends him on two voyages to the Indies, 170; recognizes his genius, 196, 207. Emerson, R. W., calls Vespucci a "thief and pickle-dealer," 237. _Examen Critique_, the, by Humboldt, 103, 250. Ferdinand, King of Spain, and Fonseca, 76; parts with Vespucci, 168, 169; diplomacy of, 216; prefers Vespucci to Columbus, 227; calls Vespucci to court, 228; appoints him pilot-major, 229. Fiske, John, explains "debatable voyage," 104; on Vespucci's letter of July, 1500, 109; quotations from, 124, 125; on historical records, 221. Florence, Vespucci's birthplace, 2, 3; in the Middle Ages, 12. Florentines, the, as merchants in fifteenth century, 5. Fonseca, Bishop, reference to, 76, 77, 79, 82, 126, 127; authorizes Ojeda's voyage, 128. Fortunate Islands, or Grand Canaries, 186. _Four Voyages_, or _Journeys_, of Vespucci, 90, 95; no trace of book containing the, 103; further reference to, 176, 200, 205. "Fourth Part of the Earth," the, chap. ii. Ghengis Khan, 50. Giacondo, Giovanni, translator of Vespucci's letter, 1504, 198, 199. Giants seen in Curacao, 119. Gomara, historian, on explorations, 102. Harrisse, Henry, observations on the naming of America, 244. Herrera, Antonio de, accuses Vespucci of stealing from Columbus, 101. Humboldt, Alexander von, vindicates Vespucci, 103. _Igname_, Indian word, 89. Iguana, described by Vespucci, 93. _Imago Mundi_, book owned by Columbus, 241. India house, the great, 80.