A certain cyclopaedia has the following curious problem, I am told:
"Place fifteen sheep in four pens so that there shall be the same number
of sheep in each pen." No answer whatever is vouchsafed, so I thought I
would investigate the matter. I saw that in dealing with apples or
bricks the thing would appear to be quite impossible, since four times
any number must be an even number, while fifteen is an odd number. I
thought, therefore, that there must be some quality peculiar to the
sheep that was not generally known. So I decided to interview some
farmers on the subject. The first one pointed out that if we put one pen
inside another, like the rings of a target, and placed all sheep in the
smallest pen, it would be all right. But I objected to this, because you
admittedly place all the sheep in one pen, not in four pens. The second
man said that if I placed four sheep in each of three pens and three
sheep in the last pen (that is fifteen sheep in all), and one of the
ewes in the last pen had a lamb during the night, there would be the
same number in each pen in the morning. This also failed to satisfy me.
[Illustration]
The third farmer said, "I've got four hurdle pens down in one of my
fields, and a small flock of wethers, so if you will just step down with
me I will show you how it is done." The illustration depicts my friend
as he is about to demonstrate the matter to me. His lucid explanation
was evidently that which was in the mind of the writer of the article in
the cyclopaedia. What was it? Can you place those fifteen sheep?
263.--KING ARTHUR'S KNIGHTS.
King Arthur sat at the Round Table on three successive evenings with his
knights--Beleobus, Caradoc, Driam, Eric, Floll, and Galahad--but on no
occasion did any person have as his neighbour one who had before sat
next to him. On the first evening they sat in alphabetical order round
the table. But afterwards King Arthur arranged the two next sittings so
that he might have Beleobus as near to him as possible and Galahad as
far away from him as could be managed. How did he seat the knights to
the best advantage, remembering that rule that no knight may have the
same neighbour twice?
264.--THE CITY LUNCHEONS.
Twelve men connected with a large firm in the City of London sit down to
luncheon together every day in the same room. The tables are small ones
that only accommodate two persons at the same time. Can you show how
these twelve men may lunch together on eleven days in pairs, so that no
two of them shall ever sit twice together? We will represent the men by
the first twelve letters of the alphabet, and suppose the first day's
pairing to be as follows--
(A B) (C D) (E F) (G H) (I J) (K L).
Then give any pairing you like for the next day, say--
(A C) (B D) (E G) (F H) (I K) (J L),
and so on, until you have completed your eleven lines, with no pair ever
occurring twice. There are a good many different arrangements possible.
Try to find one of them.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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