I published in _The Queen_ for January 15, 1910, an article that would
enable the reader to write out, if he so desired, all the 880 magics of
the fourth order, and the following is the complete classification that
I gave. The first example is that of a Simple square that fulfils the
simple conditions and no more. The second example is a Semi-Nasik, which
has the additional property that the opposite short diagonals of two
cells each together sum to 34. Thus, 14 + 4 + 11 + 5 = 34 and 12 + 6 +
13 + 3 = 34. The third example is not only Semi-Nasik but also
Associated, because in it every number, if added to the number that is
equidistant, in a straight line, from the centre gives 17. Thus, 1 + 16,
2 + 15, 3 + 14, etc. The fourth example, considered the most "perfect"
of all, is a Nasik. Here all the broken diagonals sum to 34. Thus, for
example, 15 + 14 + 2 + 3, and 10 + 4 + 7 + 13, and 15 + 5 + 2 + 12. As a
consequence, its properties are such that if you repeat the square in
all directions you may mark off a square, 4 x 4, wherever you please,
and it will be magic.
The following table not only gives a complete enumeration under the four
forms described, but also a classification under the twelve graphic
types indicated in the diagrams. The dots at the end of each line
represent the relative positions of those complementary pairs, 1 + 16, 2
+ 15, etc., which sum to 17. For example, it will be seen that the first
and second magic squares given are of Type VI., that the third square is
of Type III., and that the fourth is of Type I. Edouard Lucas indicated
these types, but he dropped exactly half of them and did not attempt the
classification.
NASIK (Type I.) . . . . . 48
SEMI-NASIK (Type II., Transpositions
of Nasik) . 48
" (Type III., Associated) 48
" (Type IV.) . . . 96
" (Type V.) . . . 96 192
___
" (Type VI.) . . . 96 384
___
SIMPLE. (Type VI.) . . . 208
" (Type VII.) . . . 56
" (Type VIII.). . . 56
" (Type IX.) . . . 56
" (Type X.) . . . 56 224
___
" (Type XI.) . . . 8
" (Type XII.) . . . 8 16 448
___ ___ ___
880
___
It is hardly necessary to say that every one of these squares will
produce seven others by mere reversals and reflections, which we do not
count as different. So that there are 7,040 squares of this order, 880
of which are fundamentally different.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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