A maze formerly existed on Ripon Common, in Yorkshire (Fig. 10). It was ploughed up in 1827, but its plan was fortunately preserved. This example was 20 yards in diameter, and its path is said to have been 407 yards long. [Illustration: FIG. 11.--Maze at Theobalds, Hertfordshire.] In the case of the maze at Theobalds, Hertfordshire, after you have found the entrance within the four enclosing hedges, the path is forced (Fig. 11). As further illustrations of this class of maze, I give one taken from an Italian work on architecture by Serlio, published in 1537 (Fig. 12), and one by London and Wise, the designers of the Hampton Court maze, from their book, _The Retired Gard'ner_, published in 1706 (Fig. 13). Also, I add a Dutch maze (Fig. 14). [Illustration: FIG. 12.--Italian Maze of Sixteenth Century.] [Illustration: FIG. 13.--By the Designers of Hampton Court Maze.] [Illustration: FIG. 14.--A Dutch Maze.] So far our mazes have been of historical interest, but they have presented no difficulty in threading. After the Reformation period we find mazes converted into mediums for recreation, and they generally consisted of labyrinthine paths enclosed by thick and carefully trimmed hedges. These topiary hedges were known to the Romans, with whom the _topiarius_ was the ornamental gardener. This type of maze has of late years degenerated into the seaside "Puzzle Gardens. Teas, sixpence, including admission to the Maze." The Hampton Court Maze, sometimes called the "Wilderness," at the royal palace, was designed, as I have said, by London and Wise for William III., who had a liking for such things (Fig. 15). I have before me some three or four versions of it, all slightly different from one another; but the plan I select is taken from an old guide-book to the palace, and therefore ought to be trustworthy. The meaning of the dotted lines, etc., will be explained later on. [Illustration: FIG. 15.--Maze at Hampton Court Palace.] [Illustration: FIG. 16.--Maze at Hatfield House, Herts.] [Illustration: FIG. 17.--Maze formerly at South Kensington.] [Illustration: FIG. 18.--A German Maze.]