Now, the number 192, referred to above, may be divided into five
different pairs of even factors: 2 x 96, 4 x 48, 6 x 32, 8 x 24, and 12
x 16, and these divided by 2 give us, 1 x 48, 2 x 24, 3 x 16, 4 x 12,
and 6 x 8. The difference and sum respectively of each of these pairs in
turn produce 47, 49; 22, 26; 13, 19; 8, 16; and 2, 14. These are the
required numbers, four of which are already placed. The six numbers that
have to be added may be placed in just six different ways, one of which
is as follows, reading round the circle clockwise: 16, 2, 49, 22, 19, 8,
14, 47, 26, 13.
I will just draw the reader's attention to one other little point. In
all circles of this kind, the difference between diametrically opposite
numbers increases by a certain ratio, the first numbers (with the
exception of a circle of 6) being 4 and 6, and the others formed by
doubling the next preceding but one. Thus, in the above case, the first
difference is 2, and then the numbers increase by 4, 6, 8, and 12. Of
course, an infinite number of solutions may be found if we admit
fractions. The number of squares in a circle of this kind must, however,
be of the form 4n + 6; that is, it must be a number composed of 6 plus a
multiple of 4.
119.--RACKBRANE'S LITTLE LOSS.
The professor must have started the game with thirteen shillings, Mr.
Potts with four shillings, and Mrs. Potts with seven shillings.
120.--THE FARMER AND HIS SHEEP.
The farmer had one sheep only! If he divided this sheep (which is best
done by weight) into two parts, making one part two-thirds and the other
part one-third, then the difference between these two numbers is the
same as the difference between their squares--that is, one-third. Any
two fractions will do if the denominator equals the sum of the two
numerators.
121.--HEADS OR TAILS.
Crooks must have lost, and the longer he went on the more he would lose.
In two tosses he would be left with three-quarters of his money, in four
tosses with nine-sixteenths of his money, in six tosses with
twenty-seven sixty-fourths of his money, and so on. The order of the
wins and losses makes no difference, so long as their number is in the
end equal.
122.--THE SEE-SAW PUZZLE.
The boy's weight must have been about 39.79 lbs. A brick weighed 3 lbs.
Therefore 16 bricks weighed 48 lbs. and 11 bricks 33 lbs. Multiply 48 by
33 and take the square root.
123.--A LEGAL DIFFICULTY.
It was clearly the intention of the deceased to give the son twice as
much as the mother, or the daughter half as much as the mother.
Therefore the most equitable division would be that the mother should
take two-sevenths, the son four-sevenths, and the daughter one-seventh.
124.--A QUESTION OF DEFINITION.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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