The Abipones use the ö, which the Paraguayrians write ë with two dots, like the French, Hungarians, and Germans: as _Ahëpegak_, a horse, _Yahëc_, my face. They make frequent use of the Greek K. They pronounce N like the Spaniards, as if the letter I was added to it: thus, _Español_ must be pronounced _Espaniol_. The Abipones say _Menetañi_, it is within; _Yoamcachiñi_, the inner part is good. The legitimate pronunciation of this and other letters can only be learned _vivâ voce_. Great attention must be paid to all the different accents and points, for the omission of a point, or the variation of an accent, gives a word a totally different meaning, thus: _Heét_, I fly; _Hëët_, I speak; _Háten_, I despise; _Hateń_, I hit the mark. This language abounds in very long words, consisting of ten, twenty, or more letters. The accents repeated in the same word show where the voice should be raised and where lowered: for the speech of this nation is very much modulated, and resembles singing. The accents alone are scarce sufficient to teach the pronunciation. It would not be amiss to subjoin musical notes to each of the syllables, unless a master supersedes the necessity of this artifice by teaching it _vivâ voce_. It may be as well to give some examples of accents. _Hamihégemkiń_, _Debáyakaikin_, _Raregr̂ágremar̂achiń_, _Oahérkaikiń_. These are names of Abipones. _Grcáuagyégarigé_, pity me. _Oaháyegalgè_, free me. _Hapagrañütapagetá_, you teach one another. _Ñicauagrañíapegar̂algé_, I intercede for thee. _Hemokáchiñütápegioà_, thou praisest me. Here are words of twenty letters. You will not find many monosyllables. The tall Abipones like words which resemble themselves in length. They have a masculine and a feminine gender, but no neuter. A knowledge of the genders is to be gained by use alone. _Grahaulái_, the sun, is feminine with them, like the German _Die Sonne_. _Grauèk_, the moon, is masculine, as our _Der Monde_. Some adjectives are of both genders, as _Naà_, which is evil, both masculine and feminine. _Neeù_, good, of both genders. In others every gender has its own termination, as _Ariaik_, good, noble, _mas_. _Ariayè_, good, noble, _fem_. _Cachiergaik_, an old man; _Cachergayè_, an old woman. The nouns have no cases. A letter prefixed to the noun sometimes indicates the case: as, _Ay`m_, I; _M`ay`m_, to me; _Akami_, thou; _M'akami_, to thee. The formation of the plural number of nouns is very difficult to beginners; for it is so various that hardly any rule can be set down. I give you some examples: _Singular._ _Plural._