as in the islands and old Danish countries of Skaane, or Scania, Halland, and Bleking; whence they extend themselves over a great part of Sweden, and far into Finland. From the most ancient times down to the present, this difference between the Norwegian form _bœr_, and the Danish _býr_ or _by_, seems on the whole to have clearly prevailed; and thus that, as early as the eleventh century, the English towns and villages are written in William the Conqueror’s “Domesday-book,” with the Danish ending _by_ or _bi_, and not with the Norwegian form _bœr_ or _bö_, is certainly no slight corroboration of their assumed Danish origin. Besides, as _by_ is not found in the names of places south of the Eyder, in Holstein or North Germany, and as it is wholly unknown in the Saxon or German languages, there is consequently so much the greater probability that in England it was derived from the Danes. For the same reasons, towns whose names end in _by_ are most numerous in the counties situated on the coast opposite Jutland; viz., in Leicestershire, 66; Lincolnshire, 212; and the North Riding of Yorkshire, 100. In the two other Ridings, there are altogether about 70 names of places ending in _by_; in Cumberland, 43; and in Westmoreland, 20. For the rest, this termination occurs so frequently throughout the old Danish part of England, that, of 1370 Scandinavian names of places, above 600 (as the tabular view given at page 71 shows) end in _by_, whilst no other names exceed 280; and even this number is reached only by the ending _thorpe_, which also is certainly pure Danish; whilst the most numerous after thorpe fall down to 140. This remarkable preponderance of Danish endings in _by_, will of itself sufficiently prove the important and wide-extended influence of the Danes in the midland and northern counties of England. The not inconsiderable number (1370) of Scandinavian names of places collected together in the preceding tabular view, could be much increased if we were to include all the Scandinavian appellations used by the common people in many parts of the north of England. A hill, or small mountain, is there called _hoe_ or _how_ (Höi in Jutland: Höw or Hyv); a mountain ridge, _rigg_; a ford, _wath_; a spring, _kell_; a holm or small island, _holm_; a farm (_Dan._, Gaard), _garth_, &c., &c. We might thus, on a very low calculation, compute in round numbers the clearly recognisable Scandinavian names of places in England at one thousand five hundred.