Adult female hemispherical, with broad flattened edges; reddish-brown; diameter, about 1/15in. Skin regularly marked with oval perforations; no keels. Antennæ of eight joints. Feet normal, thin. Anal ring with eight hairs. Male unknown. Habitat in New Zealand--On Camellia, Hutt Valley, Wellington; in Europe, on _Dracæna australis_; in America, on various greenhouse plants (Comstock). Query--Does the European habitat denote an Australian origin? This insect belongs to Signoret's fourth series. 45. Lecanium hesperidum, Linnæus. _L. hesperidum_, Linnæus, Syst. Nat., 1735, II., 739, 1; Faun. Suec., 1746, 1015. _Coccus hesperidum_, various authors. _Calymnatus hesperidum_, Costa, Nuov. Osserv., 1835? _Calypticus hesperidum_, Costa, Faun. Ins. Nap. Gall-insect., 1837, 8, 1; Lubbock, Proc. Roy. Soc., IX., 480; Beck, Trans. Roy. Micr. Soc., 1861, 47, &c. Maskell, N.Z. Trans., Vol. XI., 1878, p. 205. _The Holly and Ivy Scale._ (Plate XI., Fig. 3.) Adult female naked; yellow, brown, or reddish; flat or slightly convex; elongated; skin smooth, sparsely punctate; length averaging 1/10in., but specimens reach sometimes 1/5in. Antennæ of seven joints; a few hairs on most, but the seventh has several. Abdominal cleft and lobes normal. Feet normal. On the edge of a body a row of small hairs, not set closely together. Viviparous; at gestation the under-side becomes concave, forming a shelter for the young; and this cavity is often of a blood-red colour. On the under-side may be seen sometimes four cottony trails starting from the region of the four stigmata. Young larva reddish-brown; oval, flat; antennæ of six joints. From the abdominal lobes spring two long setæ. Male unknown. Habitat in New Zealand--Everywhere, on ivy, holly, camellia, orange, laurel, myrtle, box, and many other plants out of doors or in greenhouses. In Europe, chiefly on ivy and oranges, but frequently on other plants. In America on many plants. This is the commonest of the Lecanidæ in this country; it may be distinguished from _L. mori_ (below) by its flatness and sparse punctuation. This insect belongs to Signoret's first series. 46. Lecanium hibernaculorum, Targioni-Tozzetti, Catal. (1868), 37, 9. _Chermes hibernaculorum_, Boisduval, Ent. Hort., 1867, 337. Maskell, N.Z. Trans., Vol. XI., 1878, p. 207. Adult female nearly globular; naked; reddish-brown; diameter about 1/9in.; at gestation the body becomes simply an inverted bag covering the eggs and young. The insect appears to be partly oviparous, partly viviparous. Antennæ of eight joints. Feet normal. Skin pretty regularly marked with oval perforations. Male unknown. Habitat in New Zealand--On various greenhouse plants, Christchurch. In Europe on _Brexia_, _Phajus_, &c. The insect belongs to Signoret's fourth series, and may perhaps be only a large variety of _L. hemisphæricum_.