As a rule, the adult female is nearly buried in a circular depression, or pit, formed in the leaf, and with the wall of the pit somewhat curled over it. On the other side of the leaf is a corresponding elevation, of a brown colour. Diameter of pit, about 1/18in. The abdominal pencil of cotton and the anal tubercles of the female usually protrude at the edge of the pit, probably to attract the male. After gestation, the female disappears within the pit, and the young larvæ are also sheltered in it for a while. Sometimes two females inhabit the same pit. The females which are not in pits are generally of a dark-red, or brown, colour. Habitat--On _Santalum Cunninghamii_ (maire), Te Aute, Hawke's Bay. A very distinct species, easily distinguishable by the pits on the leaves. Subdivision II.--DACTYLOPIDÆ. The "Mealy-bugs." Female insects active or stationary; naked, or covered with mealy, cottony, or waxy secretion. Body segmented. Antennæ of from six to nine joints. Feet present. Anogenital ring large, usually conspicuous, with several long hairs. Anal tubercles small, inconspicuous. Males of general form of the family. Eyes sometimes facetted, usually granular. Genus: DACTYLOPIUS, Costa. Adult females having antennæ of eight joints; anogenital ring with six hairs. Naked, or more usually covered with mealy or cottony secretion. Male pupa enclosed in cottony sac. 60. Dactylopius alpinus, Maskell. N.Z. Trans., Vol. XVI., 1883, p. 138. (Plate XVII., Fig. 1.) Adult female dark-purple in colour, producing a rich red tint in alcohol; body segmented, convex, slightly elongated, stationary; enclosed in a thick mass of white cottony secretion. Length, about 1/7in. Internal substance very oily. Anal tubercles inconspicuous, thick, with broad bases. Anogenital ring large, with six hairs. Feet normal; upper digitules long fine hairs; lower digitules somewhat broader. Antennæ of eight joints. On the dorsum a number of tubular projecting spinnerets, and others circular. On each of the last three abdominal segments a row of large conical spines. Female of second stage dark-brown, active, elongated, segmented, flatter than the adult; length, about 1/20in. Anal tubercles inconspicuous, setiferous. A few conical spines on the posterior segments. Antennæ of six joints. A thin mealy secretion on the body. Young larva dark-brown, naked, active, elongated, segmented; length, about 1/40in. Antennæ of six joints. Anal tubercles thick, broad, and more conspicuous than in the adult. A few small spines on the dorsum. Adult male unknown. Habitat--On Veronica sp., Upper Waimakariri Valley, Southern Alps. A species easily distinguished by its cottony sac, its rich colour in alcohol, and its conical spines. It would seem to be intermediate between _Rhizococcus_ and _Dactylopius_.