Descriptions and engravings of some of these ornaments will be given in the Appendix. [Illustration: ORNAMENTED BLACK VEILS.] Only one of these (that to the right) is represented in its whole length.] The women of Egypt deem it more incumbent upon them to cover the upper and back part of the head than the face; and more requisite to conceal the face than most other parts of the person. I have often seen, in this country, women but half covered with miserable rags; and several times, females in the prime of womanhood, and others in more advanced age, with nothing on the body but a narrow strip of rag bound round the hips. ----- Footnote 39: This term was formerly used to designate the Arabian _townspeople_ and _villagers_, while the Arabs who dwelt in the _Desert_ were called “Aaráb,” or “Aarábees.” The Arabs dwelling in houses now term themselves “Owlád-el-’Arab,” or Sons of the Arabs. Footnote 40: Feminine, “Bedaweeyeh.” Footnote 41: In the feminine, “Masreeyeh,” “Bint-Masr,” and “Bint-el-Beled.” Footnote 42: Feminine, “Felláhah.” Footnote 43: Thus commonly pronounced for “Fir’own.” Footnote 44: Tooth-ache is, however, a very common disorder in Egypt, as it was in ancient times. This, at least, was probably the case, as Herodotus (lib. ii., cap. 84) mentions dentists among the classes of Egyptian physicians. It is, of course, most prevalent among the higher orders. Footnote 45: A few of the servants, and some others, shave their beards. The respect which Orientals in general pay to the beard has often been remarked. They swear by it, and say that a man disgraces it by an evil action. The punishment recorded in 2 Samuel, ch. x., v. 4, has frequently been practised in modern times, but not so often as the shaving of the whole of the beard. Footnote 46: The Muslims hold it to be inconsistent with the honour that is due to everything that has appertained to the human body to leave upon the ground the shavings or clippings of hair, the parings of nails, etc., which, therefore, they generally bury in the earth. Footnote 47: Persons of literary and religious professions generally disapprove of the shoosheh. Footnote 48: They are mentioned in the “Mishcát-ul-Masábih,” vol. ii., p. 359, and are observed by both sexes. Footnote 49: The fashion of their dress remains almost the same during the lapse of centuries. Footnote 50: In Arabic, “libás.” Footnote 51: Called “dikkeh,” or “tikkeh.” Footnote 52: The Prophet forbade men to wear silk clothing, but allowed women to do so. The prohibition is, however, attended to by very few modern Muslims, excepting the Wahhábees. Footnote 53: The stripes are seldom plain; they are generally figured or flowered. Footnote 54: See the foremost figure in the accompanying engraving. Footnote 55: See the figure to the left in the same engraving. Footnote 56: Called “tákeeyeh,” or “’arakeeyeh.” Footnote 57: