An Egyptian oasis : $b An account of the oasis of Kharga in the Libyan desert, with special reference to its history, physical geography, and water-supplyBeadnell, H. J. L. (Hugh John Llewellyn)
History
An Egyptian oasis : $b An account of the oasis of Kharga in the Libyan desert, with special reference to its history, physical geography, and water-supply
Judging from the still existing deposits, and utilizing (in the
northern part of the oasis) a considerable number of levels,
I believe the limits of the lake to have been as shown on the
accompanying plan. From its most northerly point in lat. 25°
45′ N., in the neighbourhood of the modern Ain el Ghazâl, its
western boundary trended S.S.W., passing about 1½ kilometres west
of Meheriq village to the south-west end of Jebel Têr; thence
its shore-line lay at the foot of Jebel Tarwan, rounding which it
projected somewhat into the Bellaida district between Jebel Têr and
Jebel Tarif. South of this it bore slightly west of south, passing
about 2½ and 3 kilometres west of Kharga and Gennâh villages
respectively. From the latter point the shore-line proceeded almost
due south to lat. 25° 2′ N., in the vicinity of Ain Girm Meshîm.
Its eastern limit appears to have been about a kilometre east of
Ain el Qasr, and some three times that distance east of Meheriq, so
that on this latitude the lake had a breadth of 4½ kilometres. In
the neighbourhood of Headquarters its margin lay 2 kilometres to the
east, whence it ran almost due south for about 12 kilometres. Here,
just to the south-west of Ain Harrân, the lake attained its greatest
width—_i.e._, 15 or 16 kilometres, gradually diminishing southwards
to Ain Girm Meshîm. The total length of this portion of the lake
was just over 80 kilometres.
Both at Ain Girm Meshîm and Ain el Doum the lacustrine deposits are
well seen; over the intermediate country they were not observed, and
as this area lies at a somewhat high elevation, it seems probable
that there was a break in the continuity of the lake of about 15
kilometres in extent.
The southern portion appears to have measured approximately 45 by
15 kilometres, its long axis lying along a line passing through Ain
el Doum, Beris, and Maks Qibli. To the south-east the lake had a
local extension in the neighbourhood of Dush. It is thus seen to
have extended, with a possible break of a few kilometres in the
district near Ain Girm Meshîm, almost throughout the length of
the depression, over a distance of 136 kilometres, or 85 miles.
It proved a matter of some difficulty to determine the maximum
height to which the lake had reached, as in most localities the
deposits have suffered considerable denudation, and their margins are
usually obscured by blown sand and superficial detrital material. The
pottery to the south-west of Headquarters was ascertained to occur
at 47 metres above sea-level, the uppermost limit of the deposits
in that area being 62 metres. At Headquarters the lake clays occur
up to between 65 and 66 metres; at Ain Terfai and Ain Mahmud, north
of Meheriq, to 65 and 67 metres respectively. Still farther north I
found there were stretches of similar clays at 76 metres near Ain el
Qasr, and at 84 to 85 metres in the neighbourhood of Ain el Ghazâl.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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