TIPU´LIDÆ.--In the water of ponds and pools a young larva (Pl. X. fig. 31) will often be met with, which is that of _Chiron´omus plumósus_, a largish gnat-like insect, belonging to the daddy-long-legs family (Tipulidæ). This larva exhibits the usual thirteen segments, including the head. In the young state the body is nearly colourless; but in the mature larva it is of a blood-colour, and about an inch in length. Beneath the first joint of the body are two foot-like processes covered with hair; and at the end of the body are also two processes, surmounted with hooks. The three last joints of the body are also furnished each with a pair of fleshy processes, those of the first pair being very short. HYMENOP´TERA (ὑμἠν, membrane, πτερὀν, wing).--This, which forms the sixth Order of insects, contains the bee, the wasp, the ant, &c. In the Hymenoptera there is a curious contrivance for linking the two wings on each side, so that they may form a single piece in the flight of the insect. It consists of a row of hooks, placed upon the anterior nerve of the hind wing, which play upon the folded-in corresponding edge of the fore wing; the hooks, sliding along this edge, allow of freedom of motion, although still holding the two wings together. This structure may be well seen in the wings of the Humble Bee when mounted in balsam. The sting of the wasp and bee is also a singular organ. In both insects it is much alike, consisting of a sheath, slit up beneath, in which are contained two long setæ, or lancets, with bent-back (recurved) teeth near the end. These setæ are inserted into the flesh during the act of stinging, and at the same time the poisonous secretion from two glands is forced into the wound, which causes the severe pain resulting from the sting. In the wingless neuters of the common ant, attached to the end of the tibia (Pl. X. fig. 34 _c_) is a beautiful pectinate process, somewhat resembling a comb (fig. 34 _a_).